Black South Africans could leave their assigned homeland if they _____.
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______✨ HEY MATE ✨______
➡️Black South Africans could leave their assigned homeland if they had a pass issued them.
➡️Black South Africans could leave their assigned homeland if they had a pass issued them.
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Recent attempts by the South African government to relocate Blacks have met with strong protest from those targeted for removal and their supporters.
Last December, 2,000 Bakwena, residing in Magopa, were given seven days to vacate their village and move to a new homeland. After seven days, government officials gave the order to bulldoze village churches and schools.
On 11 January 1984, 300 families at Badplaas refused to leave their homes in the Eastern Transvaal, 200 miles east of Johannesburg. These families, who have resided in Badplaas since the end of the last century, have not yet been forcibly removed; the South African government, it is thought, may be fearful of negative publicity.
These are but two recent illustrations of a process which has already affected over three million Blacks in South Africa. "Black spots" - land which Blacks occupy illegally, according to the South African government, in White areas - are targeted for elimination. As of 5 April 1983, the government had identified 75 "Black spots" which remained to be eliminated.
Until recently. Blacks in South Africa were prohibited from owning land outside the ten tribal homelands set aside for their use. By South African law, every black South African is a "citizen" of a reserve, regardless of whether he or she actually resides there.
Currently Whites, who make up 17% of South Africa's population, claim 86% of the land, while Blacks - 76% of the population - have rights to only 14%. For the most part, that 14% is comprised of lands which contain no known mineral deposits. Because of the poverty, chronic unemployment and overcrowding in most homelands, more than half of Black South Africans still live in "White areas." Blacks, in fact, are a majority even in White areas.
Controlling illegal residency by Blacks is a daily battle for South Africa's ruling White minority. In addition to forcibly relocating villagers, the government conducts mass arrests of Black migrants seeking work in urban areas. Since 1948, there have been 12 million arrests of Blacks for violations of pass laws - laws which prohibit Blacks' entry into White areas without official permission. About 33,000, or one-third of the people presently in South African prisons, are pass law offenders. A common official defense for these arrests is that the government is trying to protect the livelihood of urban Blacks and Coloreds with legal tenure. Yet this number of arrests does not deter Blacks from continuing to escape the harsh conditions in homelands. Frequently, a Black's standard of living is higher in jail than on native reserves.
Because of relocation programs, population on the reserves increased 57% from 1960 to 1970, in spite of infant mortality rates as high as 200 per 1,000 live births in some resettlement areas. If all South Sotho people were jammed into Qwa-Qwa as intended by government planners, the average density would be 7,113 persons per square mile. In Ciskei - the homeland for Xhosa - for instance, unemployment ranges from 25% to 50%.
Food production in all homelands has been declining for decades. More than half of all food is imported. Per capita income inside homelands is only 10% of the South African average, and no tribal reserve produces even 1% of South Africa's gross domestic product. For many, illegal migration to urban areas is an alternative to starvation.
Relocation of "squatters" (so labelled even though many have lived their whole lives on the same plot of ground) is a brutal process. Blacks sometimes even have to pay for their own transportation to the homelands; prices can run as high as US$250 per truckload.
Settlements are usually ill-prepared to support even subsistence living: soil is often of marginal and/or declining fertility or unsuited to the crops previously cultivated by new residents. Rarely do camps offer anything but the most basic infrastructure - some dusty roads, a few water taps, small corrugated iron cubicles which serve as housing, and rows of metal toilets. Additional infrastructure must be built by new residents, although the income of most families is halved as a result of relocation - a condition which precipitates their hurried migration to White areas.
I hope so this can help you
Last December, 2,000 Bakwena, residing in Magopa, were given seven days to vacate their village and move to a new homeland. After seven days, government officials gave the order to bulldoze village churches and schools.
On 11 January 1984, 300 families at Badplaas refused to leave their homes in the Eastern Transvaal, 200 miles east of Johannesburg. These families, who have resided in Badplaas since the end of the last century, have not yet been forcibly removed; the South African government, it is thought, may be fearful of negative publicity.
These are but two recent illustrations of a process which has already affected over three million Blacks in South Africa. "Black spots" - land which Blacks occupy illegally, according to the South African government, in White areas - are targeted for elimination. As of 5 April 1983, the government had identified 75 "Black spots" which remained to be eliminated.
Until recently. Blacks in South Africa were prohibited from owning land outside the ten tribal homelands set aside for their use. By South African law, every black South African is a "citizen" of a reserve, regardless of whether he or she actually resides there.
Currently Whites, who make up 17% of South Africa's population, claim 86% of the land, while Blacks - 76% of the population - have rights to only 14%. For the most part, that 14% is comprised of lands which contain no known mineral deposits. Because of the poverty, chronic unemployment and overcrowding in most homelands, more than half of Black South Africans still live in "White areas." Blacks, in fact, are a majority even in White areas.
Controlling illegal residency by Blacks is a daily battle for South Africa's ruling White minority. In addition to forcibly relocating villagers, the government conducts mass arrests of Black migrants seeking work in urban areas. Since 1948, there have been 12 million arrests of Blacks for violations of pass laws - laws which prohibit Blacks' entry into White areas without official permission. About 33,000, or one-third of the people presently in South African prisons, are pass law offenders. A common official defense for these arrests is that the government is trying to protect the livelihood of urban Blacks and Coloreds with legal tenure. Yet this number of arrests does not deter Blacks from continuing to escape the harsh conditions in homelands. Frequently, a Black's standard of living is higher in jail than on native reserves.
Because of relocation programs, population on the reserves increased 57% from 1960 to 1970, in spite of infant mortality rates as high as 200 per 1,000 live births in some resettlement areas. If all South Sotho people were jammed into Qwa-Qwa as intended by government planners, the average density would be 7,113 persons per square mile. In Ciskei - the homeland for Xhosa - for instance, unemployment ranges from 25% to 50%.
Food production in all homelands has been declining for decades. More than half of all food is imported. Per capita income inside homelands is only 10% of the South African average, and no tribal reserve produces even 1% of South Africa's gross domestic product. For many, illegal migration to urban areas is an alternative to starvation.
Relocation of "squatters" (so labelled even though many have lived their whole lives on the same plot of ground) is a brutal process. Blacks sometimes even have to pay for their own transportation to the homelands; prices can run as high as US$250 per truckload.
Settlements are usually ill-prepared to support even subsistence living: soil is often of marginal and/or declining fertility or unsuited to the crops previously cultivated by new residents. Rarely do camps offer anything but the most basic infrastructure - some dusty roads, a few water taps, small corrugated iron cubicles which serve as housing, and rows of metal toilets. Additional infrastructure must be built by new residents, although the income of most families is halved as a result of relocation - a condition which precipitates their hurried migration to White areas.
I hope so this can help you
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