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Explain the different shapes of Bacteria..
Class 11 Biology
Answers
Answer:
Kindly refer to the attachment
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Explanation:
One of the very first organisms to evolve on earth was probably a unicellular organism, similar to modern bacteria. Ever since then, life has evolved into a multitude of lifeforms over many millennia. However, we can still trace our ancestry back to this single-celled organism.
Table of Contents
Definition
Diagram
Structure
Classification
Reproduction
Useful Bacteria
Harmful Bacteria
Today, bacteria are considered as one of the oldest forms of life on earth. Even though most bacteria make us ill, they have a long-term mutual relationship with humans and are very much important for our survival. But before we elaborate on its uses, let us know the structure of bacteria, its classification, and bacteria diagram in detail.
Bacteria Definition
“Bacteria are unicellular organisms belonging to the prokaryotic group where the organisms lack a few organelles and a true nucleus”.
Bacteria Diagram
The bacteria diagram given below represents the structure of bacteria with its different parts. The cell wall, plasmid, cytoplasm and flagella are clearly marked in the diagram.The bacteria diagram given below represents the structure of bacteria with its different parts. The cell wall, plasmid, cytoplasm and flagella are clearly marked in the diagram.
Structure of Bacteria
The structure of bacteria is known for its simple body design. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the absence of the nucleus and other cell organelles; hence, they classified as prokaryotic organisms.
They are also very versatile organisms, surviving in extremely inhospitable conditions. Such organisms are called extremophiles. Extremophiles are further categorized into various types based on the types of environments they inhabit:
Thermophiles
Acidophiles
Alkaliphiles
Osmophiles
Barophiles
Cryophiles
Another fascinating feature of bacteria is their protective cell wall, which is made up of a special protein called peptidoglycan. This particular protein isn’t found anywhere else in nature except in the cell walls of bacteria.
But few of them are devoid of this cell wall, and others have a third protection layer called capsule. On the outer layer, one or more flagella or pili is attached, and it functions as a locomotory organ. Pili can also help certain bacteria to attach themselves to the host’s cells. They do not contain any cell organelle as in animal or plant cell except for ribosomes.
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. In addition to this DNA, they have an extra circular DNA called plasmid. These plasmids make some strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.