Question

Bound moisture and free moisture content

Answer 1

Milk Permeate contains primarily alpha-monohydrate lactose crystals that have a characteristic tomahawk-like shape. These crystals are very hard and brittle. Milk permeate also contains all the mother liquor which is typically separated out of refined lactose. This mother liquor is made up of denatured casein and smaller whey proteins, vitamins, and minerals. In its crystalline form, each lactose molecule is associated with one molecule of water. The water is incorporated in the crystal and forms an integral part of it. It is not removed by normal drying processes. When working with formulators, it is important to understand the free and bound moisture content of any lactose crystal as it will lend to degradation by Maillard browning, which in turn shortens shelf life. Free moisture is on the “surface” of the lactose crystal and is measured by drying at 100°C for 5 hours in a convection oven. Milk permeate typically has a free moisture content of <3.00%. Total moisture is the molecule of water picked up by the molecule of lactose during the crystallization process and is perfectly stable under suitable conditions. This is measured at 100°C for 15 hours in a convection oven. Milk permeate typically has a bound moisture content of approximately 9.00%.

Answer 2

Answer:

The equilibrium moisture is the moisture content of a product when it is at equilibrium with the partial pressure of the water vapor of the surroundings. The free moisture is the moisture in excess of the equilibrium moisture, and consists of unbound and some bound moisture.

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