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Question :
Explain the phylums ..
Porifera
Coelenterata
Platyhelminthes
Aschelminthes
Annelida
____ _____ _____ _____ _____
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Phylum 1: Porifera or sponges
Following are its basic features:
Cellular level of organization.
Non motile animals.
Holes on body which led to a canal system for circulation of water and food.
Hard outside layer called as skeletons.
Examples - Sycon, Spongilla, Euplectelia.
Phylum 2: Coelenterata
Following are its basic features:
Tissue level of organization
No coelom
Radial symmetry, Diploblastic
Hollow gut
Can move from one place to another.
Examples: hydra, sea anemone, jelly fish( solitary) ; corals (colonies)
Phylum 3: Ctenophores
Following are its basic features:
Tissue level of organization
No coelom present
Radial symmetry, Diploblastic
Have Comb plates for locomotion
Aquatic
Examples- Pleurobrachia
Phylum 4: Platyhelminthes
Following are its basic features:
Also called flat worms.
No coelom present
Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic
Free living or parasite
Digestive cavity has one opening for both ingestion and egestion.
Example - Planaria (free living), Liver fluke (parasitic).
Phylum 5: Nematode
Following are its basic features:
False coelom
Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic
Cylindrical
Many are parasitic worms living inside human body, and can cause various diseases, like Filarial worm causes elephantiasis, Round worms and Pin worms live in human intestine.
Example - Ascaris, Wulchereria.
Phylum 6: Mollusca
Following are its basic features:
Coelom present
Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry
Soft bodies sometimes covered with shell
Generally not segmented
No appendages present
Muscular foot for movement
Shell is present
Kidney like organ for excretion
Examples - Chiton, Octopus, Pila, Unio.
Phylum 7: Annelida
Following are its basic features:
Second largest phylum
Coelom present
Bilateral, triploblastic
Segmented ( segments specialized for different functions)
Water or land
Extensive Organ differentiation
Examples - Earthworm, Leech, Nereis
Phylum Aschelminthes:
Some of the general characters of phylum Aschelminthes or Nemathelminthes are as follows:
1. Habitat:
Many roundworms live as parasites in plants and animals. They cause serious agricultural, veterinary and human health problems. Round worms are also free living and occur in fresh water, sea water and soil.
2. Body Form:
They are called round worms because they appear circular in cross section. They are un-segmented.
3. Body wall:
It consists of firm, non living resistant cuticle, syncytial epidermis (a continuous layer of cytoplasm with scattered nuclei) and muscle layer.
4. Body cavity:
The body cavity is called pseudocoel or pseudocoelom as it develops from the blastocoel of the embryo. Pseudocoel is filled with pseudocoelomic fluid.
5. Digestive Tract:
Alimentary canal is complete with muscular pharynx.
6. Skeletal, respiratory and circulatory systems are absent:
Pseudocoelomic fluid present in the pseudocoelom maintains body shape and forms hydro skeleton. Gaseous exchange in aerobic respiration occurs by diffusion through the body surface. The pseudocoelomic fluid transports materials.
7. Excretory System
The excretory system consists of gland cells, or of canals or of both. In Ascaris, ‘H’ shaped excretory system of canals and complicated “giant cell” called “renette cell” is present. Ammonia is main excretory matter. However, Ascaris also excretes urea.
8. Nervous System:
It consists of a circumpharyngeal ring that gives rise to nerves forwards as well backwards.
9. Sense Organs:
(i) Papillae (raised structures) occur on the lips, on the sides of anterior end in both male and female and in front and behind the cloacal aperture. All papillae are tactile in function,
(ii) Amphids (pits) are present on the lips and are chemoreceptors.
(iii) Phasmids are unicellular glands located upon lateral sides of the posterior end and are glandulosensory in nature.
10. Sexes:
Sexes are separating (dioecious). Generally they show sexual dimorphism; often females are longer than males. Fertilization is internal. There is no asexual reproduction.
11. Development:
Development may be direct or indirect. During indirect development a larva is present. Filariform larva is present in Ancylostoma (hook worm), microfilaria larva is found in Wuchereria (filarial worm) and Rhabditiform larva is present in Ascaris and Enterobius (pin worm).
Unique Features:
(i) Syncytial epidermis,
(ii) Muscle layer of body wall consists of longitudinal fibres only,
(iii) Pseudocoel.
Advancement over Flatworms:
(i) Pseudocoel.
(ii) Complete digestive tract,
(iii) Unisexual condition.
hope it helps u mate....
pls mark me brainliest
I have too given the phylum in sequence..so please check it
Following are its basic features:
Cellular level of organization.
Non motile animals.
Holes on body which led to a canal system for circulation of water and food.
Hard outside layer called as skeletons.
Examples - Sycon, Spongilla, Euplectelia.
Phylum 2: Coelenterata
Following are its basic features:
Tissue level of organization
No coelom
Radial symmetry, Diploblastic
Hollow gut
Can move from one place to another.
Examples: hydra, sea anemone, jelly fish( solitary) ; corals (colonies)
Phylum 3: Ctenophores
Following are its basic features:
Tissue level of organization
No coelom present
Radial symmetry, Diploblastic
Have Comb plates for locomotion
Aquatic
Examples- Pleurobrachia
Phylum 4: Platyhelminthes
Following are its basic features:
Also called flat worms.
No coelom present
Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic
Free living or parasite
Digestive cavity has one opening for both ingestion and egestion.
Example - Planaria (free living), Liver fluke (parasitic).
Phylum 5: Nematode
Following are its basic features:
False coelom
Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic
Cylindrical
Many are parasitic worms living inside human body, and can cause various diseases, like Filarial worm causes elephantiasis, Round worms and Pin worms live in human intestine.
Example - Ascaris, Wulchereria.
Phylum 6: Mollusca
Following are its basic features:
Coelom present
Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry
Soft bodies sometimes covered with shell
Generally not segmented
No appendages present
Muscular foot for movement
Shell is present
Kidney like organ for excretion
Examples - Chiton, Octopus, Pila, Unio.
Phylum 7: Annelida
Following are its basic features:
Second largest phylum
Coelom present
Bilateral, triploblastic
Segmented ( segments specialized for different functions)
Water or land
Extensive Organ differentiation
Examples - Earthworm, Leech, Nereis
Phylum Aschelminthes:
Some of the general characters of phylum Aschelminthes or Nemathelminthes are as follows:
1. Habitat:
Many roundworms live as parasites in plants and animals. They cause serious agricultural, veterinary and human health problems. Round worms are also free living and occur in fresh water, sea water and soil.
2. Body Form:
They are called round worms because they appear circular in cross section. They are un-segmented.
3. Body wall:
It consists of firm, non living resistant cuticle, syncytial epidermis (a continuous layer of cytoplasm with scattered nuclei) and muscle layer.
4. Body cavity:
The body cavity is called pseudocoel or pseudocoelom as it develops from the blastocoel of the embryo. Pseudocoel is filled with pseudocoelomic fluid.
5. Digestive Tract:
Alimentary canal is complete with muscular pharynx.
6. Skeletal, respiratory and circulatory systems are absent:
Pseudocoelomic fluid present in the pseudocoelom maintains body shape and forms hydro skeleton. Gaseous exchange in aerobic respiration occurs by diffusion through the body surface. The pseudocoelomic fluid transports materials.
7. Excretory System
The excretory system consists of gland cells, or of canals or of both. In Ascaris, ‘H’ shaped excretory system of canals and complicated “giant cell” called “renette cell” is present. Ammonia is main excretory matter. However, Ascaris also excretes urea.
8. Nervous System:
It consists of a circumpharyngeal ring that gives rise to nerves forwards as well backwards.
9. Sense Organs:
(i) Papillae (raised structures) occur on the lips, on the sides of anterior end in both male and female and in front and behind the cloacal aperture. All papillae are tactile in function,
(ii) Amphids (pits) are present on the lips and are chemoreceptors.
(iii) Phasmids are unicellular glands located upon lateral sides of the posterior end and are glandulosensory in nature.
10. Sexes:
Sexes are separating (dioecious). Generally they show sexual dimorphism; often females are longer than males. Fertilization is internal. There is no asexual reproduction.
11. Development:
Development may be direct or indirect. During indirect development a larva is present. Filariform larva is present in Ancylostoma (hook worm), microfilaria larva is found in Wuchereria (filarial worm) and Rhabditiform larva is present in Ascaris and Enterobius (pin worm).
Unique Features:
(i) Syncytial epidermis,
(ii) Muscle layer of body wall consists of longitudinal fibres only,
(iii) Pseudocoel.
Advancement over Flatworms:
(i) Pseudocoel.
(ii) Complete digestive tract,
(iii) Unisexual condition.
hope it helps u mate....
pls mark me brainliest
I have too given the phylum in sequence..so please check it
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