briefly trace the process of unification of italy
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Briefly explain the process of unification of Italy. ... Role ofMazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini made efforts to unite Italian Republic. He had formed a secret society called 'Young Italy' for achieving his goal. Role of Count Cavour: He was the chief minister who led the movement to unify Italy.
Answer:
Process of Italian unification: (i) Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation. (ii) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multinational Habsburg Empire. (iii) During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven states of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian princely house. (iv) The unification process was led by three revolutionaries—Guiseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo de Cavour, and Guiseppe Garibaldi. (v) Guiseppe Mazzini during the 1830s sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. (vi) He organised a new political society called Young Italy. (vii) The failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the responsibility now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war. (viii) Count de Cavour now led the movement to unify the regions of Italy. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, SardiniaPiedmont became successful in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. (ix) Apart from regular troops, a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Guiseppe Garibaldi joined the fray. (x) In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the kingdom of the two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.
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