buildings collapase due to earthquakes
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We know that Soil naturally has its own strength and stiffness(resistance to be deformed). But when soil becomes saturated with water then it loses its strength and stiffness. The binding force between soil particles vanish because of water present in the pores. This makes soil to behave like fluid. The soil loses its rigidity and flows like fluid. So the buildings or any structure that is standing on this soil collapses.
Due to the vibration cause inside the earth it can cause the tectonic plates under the earth to be collided and can cause serious displacement. As a consequence the buildings get collapsed and can destroy anything.
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Buildings collapse in an earthquake because of the vibration of the ground. The tall building and even short buildings which do not have good foundation with ground can not sustain the vibration and fail.
Actually, inertia comes to play here. The top portion of building tends to come in rest but the ground portion of building is in motion. This creates torque and buildings collapse.
It's not liquefaction of earth but liquefaction of soil. During earthquakes the vibration of ground can cause the liquefied sand and excess water to force its way to the ground surface from several meters below the ground.
Soil naturally has its own strength and stiffness(resistance to be deformed). But when soil becomes saturated with water then it loses its strength and stiffness. The binding force between soil particles vanish because of water present in the pores. This makes soil to behave like fluid. The soil loses its rigidity and flows like fluid. So the buildings or any structure that is standing on this soil collapses