Question

Butterflies are not only insects that move smoothly through the air on colourful wings,

but also masters of disguise. For example, the Viceroy butterfly has evolved to look

almost exactly like the Monarch, a poisonous butterfly that predators know how to

avoid. Though the Viceroy itself is not poisonous, birds and other predators steer

clear, mistaking it for the Monarch. The Buckeye sports ‘eyespots’, target-shaped

spots resembling eyes, on the tips of its wings. These often startle their enemies or

divert an attack away from their fragile bodies. Predators will aim for an eyespot,

believing it to be the head of a Buckeye, but will instead end up with just a wing tip,

allowing the Buckeye to escape. Butterflies and their larva form an important part of

the food chain and in order to ensure their survival they have adopted various means

of camouflage and protection. Other species camouflage themselves cleverly so they

cannot be seen; a good example is the leaf butterfly that resembles a dead leaf. Other

colourful butterflies advertise the fact that they are poisonous or taste bad to their

enemies by their vivid colours. The variety of size, shape and colour of larvae is almost

as great as that of the adult butterflies. Butterfly larvae are soft bodied, slow moving

creatures, which make them very vulnerable to a wide range of predators. Some

butterfly larvae are covered with noticeable branching spikes that offer very good

protection. Others may be coloured green to blend in with the leaves that they are

feeding on. The larvae of the Milkweed butterfly are not camouflaged at all and the

bright colours serve as a warning signal to predators. These larvae concentrate a

poisonous substance in their bodies from their food source, making them unpalatable

to their enemies

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Answer 1

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