Question

By the next year he ____ his exams.
had passed
will pass
will have passed
has passed

Answer 1

by the next year he will have passed his exams

Answer 2

Answer:

By the next year he will have passed his exams.

Explanation:

This is an example of an adverbial clause. This option is correct as it is grammatically right and is also in agreement to the verb and the subject. As the word next year has been used, the future tense has been indicated and implied.  

Therefore will have passed is the right answer. Other options are incorrect as the modal has either been wrongly used or the verb is not in agreement to the subject. Option (c) is correct thus.