चंगेज खान के साम्राज्य विस्तार पर प्रकाश डालिए
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चंगेज़ ख़ान (मंगोलियाई: Чингис Хаан, चिंगिस खान, सन् 1162 – 18 अगस्त, 1227) एक मंगोल ख़ान (शासक) था जिसने मंगोल साम्राज्य के विस्तार में एक अहम भूमिका निभाई। ... उसने अपनी तलवार के दम पर मुस्लिम साम्राज्य को लगभग खत्म ही कर दिया था। वह अपनी संगठन शक्ति, बर्बरता तथा साम्राज्य विस्तार के लिए प्रसिद्ध हुआ।
Answer:
Explanation:
Genghis Khan[note 4] (born Temüjin Borjigin,[note 1] c. 1155 – c. 1162 – August 18, 1227), also officially Genghis Huangdi,[note 5] was the founder and first Great Khan and Emperor of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Empire and being proclaimed Genghis Khan (meaning "Universal, oceanic, and firm/strong ruler and lord"), he launched the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia, reaching as far west as Poland and the Levant in the Middle East. Campaigns initiated in his lifetime include those against the Qara Khitai, Khwarezmia, and the Western Xia and Jin dynasties, and raids into Medieval Georgia, the Kievan Rus', and Volga Bulgaria. These campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of the civilian populations, especially in the Khwarazmian- and Western Xia–controlled lands. Because of this brutality, which left millions dead, he is considered by many to have been a brutal ruler. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China. Due to his exceptional military successes, Genghis Khan is often considered to be the greatest conqueror of all time.[6]
Before Genghis Khan died he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor. Later his grandsons split his empire into khanates.[7] Genghis Khan died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. By his request, his body was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia.[8] His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states in all of modern-day China, Korea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and substantial portions of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia. Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations. As a result, Genghis Khan and his empire have a fearsome reputation in local histories.[9]
Beyond his military accomplishments, Genghis Khan also advanced the Mongol Empire in other ways. He decreed the adoption of the Uyghur script as the Mongol Empire's writing system. He also practised meritocracy and encouraged religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire, unifying the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. Present-day Mongolians regard him as the founding father of Mongolia.[10] He is also credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This brought relatively easy communication and trade between Northeast Asia, Muslim Southwest Asia, and Christian Europe, expanding the cultural horizons of all three areas.[11]
Contents
1 Early life
1.1 Lineage
1.2 Birth
1.3 Early life and family
2 Wives, concubines, and children
2.1 Börte
2.2 Yesugen
2.3 Yesui
2.4 Khulan
2.5 Möge Khatun
2.6 Juerbiesu
3 Uniting the Mongol confederations
3.1 Early attempts at power
3.2 Rift with Jamukha and defeat at Dalan Balzhut
3.3 Return to power
3.4 Rift with Toghrul
3.5 Sole ruler of the Mongol plains (1206)
4 Religion
5 Military campaigns
5.1 Western Xia Dynasty
5.2 Jin dynasty
5.3 Qara Khitai
5.4 Khwarazmian Empire
5.5 Georgia, Crimea, Kievan Rus and Volga Bulgaria
5.6 Western Xia and Jin Dynasty
6 Succession
6.1 Ögedei
6.2 Jochi
7 Death and burial
8 Mongol Empire
8.1 Politics and economics
8.2 Military
8.3 Khanates
8.4 After Genghis Khan
9 Perceptions
9.1 Positive
9.1.1 In Mongolia
9.1.2 In Europe
9.1.3 In Japan
9.2 Mixed
9.2.1 In China
9.2.2 In Russia
9.3 Negative
10 Descent
11 Physical appearance
12 Depictions in modern culture
12.1 Films
12.2 Television series
12.3 Poetry
12.4 Novels
12.5 Short stories
12.6 Music
12.7 Video games
13 Name and title
13.1 Name and spelling variations
14 Timeline
15 See also
16 Notes
17 References
17.1 Citations
17.2 Sources
17.3 Primary sources
18 Further reading
19 External links
Early life
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