calculate the difference in the characteristcs of states of matter
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BASIS FOR COMPARISON SOLID LIQUID GAS Meaning Solid refers to a form of matter which has structural rigidity and has a firm shape which cannot be changed easily. Liquid is a substance, that flows freely, having a definite volume but no permanent shape. Gas refers to a state of matter, do not have any shape but conform to the shape of the container, completely, in which it is put in. Shape and Volume Fixed shape and volume. No fixed shape but has volume. Neither definite shape nor volume. Energy Lowest Medium Highest Compressibility Difficult Nearly difficult Easy Arrangement of molecules Regular and closely arranged. Random and little sparsely arranged. Random and more sparsely arranged.
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1. Shape and volume
They have a definite shape as well as definite volume.
They have a definite volume but no definite shape.
They have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
2. Compressibility
Solids are completely incompressible.
Liquids are almost incompressible.
Gases are highly compressible.
3. Rigidity/Fluidity
Solids possess rigidity.
Liquids can flow, therefore they possess fluidity which is lower than that of gases
Gases flow more easily than liquids and thus have the highest fluidity.
4. Energy
Their particles have minimum energy.
Their particles have energy higher than those of solids.
Their particles have highest energy.
5. Density
They have high density.
Their density is lower than those of solids but much higher than those of gases.
They generally have very low densities.
6. Diffusion
They normally do not show the property of diffusion although some rare examples of diffusion of one solid into another are known.
They show the property of diffusion. As a result, solids, liquids and gases all can diffuse into liquids.
They diffuse very rapidly. The rate of diffusion of a gas is, however, inversely proportional to the square root of its density. Thus, lighter gas diffuses more rapidly than the heavier one.
(b) (i) Rigidity : It is the property which helps a substance to retain its shape when force is % applied to it. Solids are rigid while gases, and liquids are not.
(ii) Compressibility: The particles of matter can be compressed or reduced in volume by applying force or pressure. Gases are highly compressible.
(iii) Fluidity : It is the tendency of a substance to flow. Liquids and gases possess fluidity while solids are rigid.
(iv) Filling a gas container: The molecules of a gas move in all directions and due to negligible interparticle force of attraction can fill the container.
They have a definite shape as well as definite volume.
They have a definite volume but no definite shape.
They have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
2. Compressibility
Solids are completely incompressible.
Liquids are almost incompressible.
Gases are highly compressible.
3. Rigidity/Fluidity
Solids possess rigidity.
Liquids can flow, therefore they possess fluidity which is lower than that of gases
Gases flow more easily than liquids and thus have the highest fluidity.
4. Energy
Their particles have minimum energy.
Their particles have energy higher than those of solids.
Their particles have highest energy.
5. Density
They have high density.
Their density is lower than those of solids but much higher than those of gases.
They generally have very low densities.
6. Diffusion
They normally do not show the property of diffusion although some rare examples of diffusion of one solid into another are known.
They show the property of diffusion. As a result, solids, liquids and gases all can diffuse into liquids.
They diffuse very rapidly. The rate of diffusion of a gas is, however, inversely proportional to the square root of its density. Thus, lighter gas diffuses more rapidly than the heavier one.
(b) (i) Rigidity : It is the property which helps a substance to retain its shape when force is % applied to it. Solids are rigid while gases, and liquids are not.
(ii) Compressibility: The particles of matter can be compressed or reduced in volume by applying force or pressure. Gases are highly compressible.
(iii) Fluidity : It is the tendency of a substance to flow. Liquids and gases possess fluidity while solids are rigid.
(iv) Filling a gas container: The molecules of a gas move in all directions and due to negligible interparticle force of attraction can fill the container.
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