Question

Calculate the formal charge in Ozone.(for each atom of oxygen )

Answer 1

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A formal charge is equal to the number of valence electrons of an atom MINUS the number of electrons assigned to an atom.

Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. Look at the top left oxygen atom. It has two lone pairs (4 electrons) and a double bond (2 electrons).

Even though a double bond contains 4 electrons total and is counted as such when seeing that oxygen's octet is filled, 2 electrons belong to each oxygen and they are shared among the two.

Let's examine the top resonance structure:

Left: 6 valence −6 assigned =0 formal charge

Center 6 valence −5 assigned =1 formal charge

Right: 6 valence −7 assigned =−1 formal charge

Notice that even though the atoms have varying formal charges, the overall charge of O3 is the sum of the formal charges in the molecule: 0+1+(−1)=0.

Ions' formal charge sums are ≠0.

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