can a country be both a monarchy and a republic? if so, give an example
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This depends on your definitions of monarchy & republic.
After it had become clear that the true sovereign in Great Britain was Parliament, not the monarch, & the monarch reigned (not ruled) at the will of Parliament, Great Britain was widely called a monarchical republic - just as Poland was at the time. In the 18th century the British mode of government was considered by many Europeans to be more akin to that of a republic (e.g. the Dutch republic) than the standard European monarchy.
Poland had an overtly elective monarchy, & was formally called a rzeczpospolita - i.e. republic. The franchise was limited to aristocrats & the gentry, but they could & often did overrule the king.
Some of the Italian republics had heads of state who, once elected, were effectively monarchs, & were granted the dignities of monarchy, such as a crown (though not in the standard pointy gold shape). But they were definitely republics. Citizens had rights, the head of state was elected, etc.
After it had become clear that the true sovereign in Great Britain was Parliament, not the monarch, & the monarch reigned (not ruled) at the will of Parliament, Great Britain was widely called a monarchical republic - just as Poland was at the time. In the 18th century the British mode of government was considered by many Europeans to be more akin to that of a republic (e.g. the Dutch republic) than the standard European monarchy.
Poland had an overtly elective monarchy, & was formally called a rzeczpospolita - i.e. republic. The franchise was limited to aristocrats & the gentry, but they could & often did overrule the king.
Some of the Italian republics had heads of state who, once elected, were effectively monarchs, & were granted the dignities of monarchy, such as a crown (though not in the standard pointy gold shape). But they were definitely republics. Citizens had rights, the head of state was elected, etc.
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