Question

can anyone just explain me in problem 12.2 how they got sp³or sp² or so hybrid orbitals I had given u the solution also please explain it

Answer 1

hi my dear friend......

we can mention the hybridization by counting the sigma bonds after bond formation.

for example ,

H
|
CH - cl
|
H

its no.of sigma bonds : 4.

so, its hybridization is :

s¹p³

hope its useful to u.

Answer 2

count all sigma bond and remember that a double bond contain one sigma bond and one pi bond ,triple bond contain one sigma and 2 pi bond ,for checking hybridization we have to only count sigma bond of that atom for which we have se see hybridization
if there are 4 sigma bond then hybridization is sp3
if there are 3 sigma bonf then hybridization is sp2
ssimilarly 2 sigma bond :- sp
now check every option
a) CH3Cl
carbon is attach with 3 sigma bond of hydrogen and one sigma bond of chlorine
so there is total 4 sigma bond
hencd its hybridization is sp3

b)CH3COCH3
first carbon is attach with 3 sigma bond of hydrogen and one sigma bond of carbon of CO ,so it has also 4 sigma bond hence it has sp3 hybridization
middle carbon is connected with oxygen which forms double bond hence it contains 1 sigma bond and one pi bond ,from other both side middle carbon is connected by terminal carbon from single bond
hence middle carbon has total 3 sigma bond
hence it has sp2 hybridization

last carbon is connected with hydrogen and one side is conneted with single bond of carbon ,so it has total 4 sigma bond
hence it has sp3 hybridization

i think u can solve all option