Can quality and quantity co-exist? Discuss and present your views for or against.
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The concepts of quality and property. In his practical activity and search for knowledge man selects from the multiplicity of surrounding phenomena "something" on which he concentrates. Philosophers call this an object. It may be a thing, a phenomenon, an event, a mental condition, a thought, a feeling, an intention and so on. An object can be singled out from the background of reality because it, as a fragment of existence, is delimited from everything else. Its limits may be spatial, temporal, quantitative or qualitative. If, for example, we are confronted with a plot of land of, say 20 sq m, these are quantitative limits. But this plot may also be a meadow as opposed to a forest, and this is its qualitative limit. Quality determines the kind of existence of an object.
The quality of the object is revealed in the sum-total of its properties. The unity of properties is, in fact, quality. Thus an overall definition of the quality of a thing or phenomenon is a definition of the thing as a system with a certain structure. The nature of a thing is revealed in its properties, which constitute the mode of the object's relationship with other things. It is thanks to their properties that things interact. A thing has the property of evoking one or another action in something else and of manifesting itself in its own way in relation to other things.
Quantity. Every group of homogeneous objects is a set. If it is finite it can be counted. We may have, for example, a herd of 100 cows. To be able to consider each cow as "one", we must ignore all the qualitative peculiarities of these animals and see them as something homogeneous. One and the same number "100" is the quantitative characteristic of any set of 100 objects—cows, sheep, diamonds or whatever. Consequently, any quantity is a set if it can be counted, or a dimension if it can be measured.
Quantity expresses the external, formal relation of objects, their parts, their properties, their connections, number, dimension, set, element (unit), individual, class, degree of manifestation of this or that property.
Besides discreteness, which serves as the real premise for the concepts of quantity and number, it is important for an understanding of the objective basis of mathematics to realise that discrete things, their properties and relations, are united in sets.
Measure. For centuries people have said, "everything has its measure". The reasonable person has a sense of measure in everything: behaviour, dress, eating, taste, and so on. Loss of the sense of measure, of proportion, is a bad sign and takes its revenge by putting the offender in a comic and sometimes tragic situation. Not for nothing do people dislike exaggeration, the superfluous. The perfect is something that has no defects of proportion. The imperfect can never be the measure of anything. Measure is the quantitative limit of a given quality. Quality cannot be more or less than that limit. The whole history of philosophy from ancient times to the present day is permeated with the idea of measure.
Measure is thought of as a perfect whole, a unity of quantity and quality. The concept of measure is used in various senses: as a unit of measurement, volume, as proportion of the parts to the whole, as the limit of the permissible, the legitimate, as law, as unity of quantity and quality, as their perfect wholeness, integration (a molecule of ordinary water must have two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen), and as a self-developing system. Measure is also a certain stage in the historical development of something.
The transformation of quantity into quality and vice versa. The path of development in nature, society and consciousness is not a direct line, but a zigzag. Every turn signifies the appearance of new laws that hold good for that particular leg. The limits of these laws are by no means always clearly fixed, sometimes they are conditional. Who can determine the exact limits showing where childhood ends and adolescence begins, where youth begins and when it enters the quality known as "young person"?
Changes in quantity and quality are interconnected, a change in quality also involves quantitative change. This is generally expressed in the fact that as the level of organisation of matter rises the rate of its development accelerates. Every level of organisation of matter has its specific laws of quantity. A new, better adapted animal species yields a progeny whose greater power of survival guarantees wider opportunities for it to spread.
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