Question

Can someone pls give definitions for :

Evolution

Genetic drift

Natural selection

Speciation

Mutation

Geographical isolation

Artificial selection

Alleles

Traits

Genes

Law of dominance

law of segregation

Law of independent
assortment

Note : if you’re answering please answer everything. Keep it short and easy to learn

Answer 1

EVOLUTION: The unrolling and unfolding of nature that brings about an orderly change from one form or condition to another, resulting in descendants becoming different from ancestors.
or
evolution is a process by which newer types of organisms are developed from pre-existing ones through modification
GENETIC DRIFT: Any change, either directed or undirected in a gene frequency in a population or the process of change in the genetic composition of a population due to chance or random events rather than by natural selection. It is one of the major forces of evolution. It can lead to the origin of new species. Genetic drift takes place when the occurrence of variant forms of a gene, called alleles, increases and decreases by chance over time.
NATURAL SELECTION: The phenomenon wherein nature selects organism having traits favorable to environment.
SPECIATION: The development of one or more species from an existing species.
MUTATION : A sudden random change in the genetic material of a cell that can cause alteration in appearance and behavior. 
GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION: also called ALLOPATRIC ISOLATION - The formation of new species from populations occurring in different areas due to some physical barrier 
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION: The process by which man selects trait[s] useful to him for improving the qualities of domesticated plants and animals.
 ALLELES:One of the different form of particular gene.
TRAITS :a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.
GENE: A functional unit of heredity present on chromosome of cell nucleus.
LAW OF DOMINANCE: When parent plants are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of trait will appear in the next generation , that is known as Dominant trait [ T] . The hidden trait [t] is recessive.
LAW OF SEGREGATION: In F1  hybrid, the dominant and recessive traits though remain tether for long time but do not mix with each other and separate or segregate at the time of gamete formation.
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT:  The inheritance of one character is always independent of the inheritance of other character with the same individual.