can you explain kolbe's electrolysis method...?
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The Kolbe electrolysis or Kolbe reaction is an organic reaction named after Hermann Kolbe.[1][2] The Kolbe reaction is formally a decarboxylative dimerisation of two carboxylic acids (or carboxylate ions) The overall general reaction is:
If a mixture of two different carboxylates are used, all combinations of them are generally seen as the organic product structures:
3 R1COO− + 3 R2COO− → R1−R1 + R1−R2 + R2−R2 + 6 CO2 + 6 e−
The reaction mechanism involves a two-stage radicalprocess: electrochemical decarboxylation gives a radical intermediate, then two such intermediates combine to form a covalent bond.[3] As an example, electrolysis of acetic acid yields ethane and carbon dioxide:
CH3COOH → CH3COO− → CH3COO· → CH3· + CO22CH3· → CH3CH3
Another example is the synthesis of 2,7-dimethyl-2,7-dinitrooctane from 4-methyl-4-nitrovaleric acid
If a mixture of two different carboxylates are used, all combinations of them are generally seen as the organic product structures:
3 R1COO− + 3 R2COO− → R1−R1 + R1−R2 + R2−R2 + 6 CO2 + 6 e−
The reaction mechanism involves a two-stage radicalprocess: electrochemical decarboxylation gives a radical intermediate, then two such intermediates combine to form a covalent bond.[3] As an example, electrolysis of acetic acid yields ethane and carbon dioxide:
CH3COOH → CH3COO− → CH3COO· → CH3· + CO22CH3· → CH3CH3
Another example is the synthesis of 2,7-dimethyl-2,7-dinitrooctane from 4-methyl-4-nitrovaleric acid
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The electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acid salts that leads to radicals, which dimerize. It is best applied to the synthesis of symmetrical dimers, but in some cases can be used with a mixture of two carboxylic acids to furnish unsymmetrical dimers.
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