Question

can you give me a short note on

Mechanisms of Apoptosis ​

Answer 1

Answer:

this is the answer

Explanation:

Apoptosis is an orderly process in which the cell's contents break down and are packaged into small packets of membrane for “garbage collection” by immune cells. It contrasts with necrosis (death by injury), in which the dying cell's contents spill out and cause inflammation. Apoptosis removes cells during development.

Answer 2

Answer:

MECHANISM OF APOPTOSIS

Explanation:

Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, in biology, a mechanism that allows cells to self-destruct when stimulated by the appropriate trigger. Apoptosis can be triggered by mild cellular injury and by various factors internal or external to the cell; the damaged cells are then disposed of in an orderly fashion. As a morphologically distinct form of programmed cell death, apoptosis is different from the other major process of cell death known as necrosis. Apoptosis involves condensation of the nucleus and cytoplasm, followed by cellular partitioning into well-defined fragments for disposal.

In the early 1840s, a biological use for the mechanism of planned apoptosis became apparent when scientists realized that the development from fertilized egg to adult is not a linear process. In many instances, initial structures, such as the tadpole’s tail, are superseded by entirely distinct adult systems, such as the frog’s legs. In the 20th century the medical significance of cell death was recognized by Australian researcher John Foxton R. Kerr and Scottish scientists Andrew H. Wyllie and Alastair Currie. In a paper published in 1972, they used the term apoptosis (from the Greek word meaning “falling off,” as leaves do in autumn) to describe the occurrence of apoptotic cells in human tissues.

In adult animals apoptosis is used to remove cells that have become a threat to survival. Such cells can include cancer cells or cells that are infected with bacteria or a virus. Apoptosis also removes cells that are normal but no longer needed, such as cells that produce antibodies after the need for the antibody has passed. Apoptosis can also be triggered in otherwise normal cells by external stimuli, including nutrient removal, toxins, hormones, heat, and radiation. It is estimated that a mass of cells equal to body weight is removed by apoptosis each year. Given this range of critical situations in which apoptosis occurs or is required, the possibility for therapeutic intervention is extraordinary. This realization has generated a massive research effort focused on apoptosis.