case study-sources of metal pollution in environment
Answers
Answer:
Reported sources of heavy metals in the environment include geogenic, industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, domestic effluents, and atmospheric sources [4]. ... Natural phenomena such as weathering and volcanic eruptions have also been reported to significantly contribute to heavy metal pollution
Answer:
In this study, İstanbul-Tuzla Region atmosphere was selected as the working area for atmospheric pollution. Although the study area seems too local, this region contains shipyards and shipyard-related side product industries. It is also surrounded by aluminum (ASSAN) and copper (SARKUYSAN) facilities and tannery organized industrial district. For determined the atmospheric inputs, the sample collection was carried out as monthly in 2010. Particulate matter was filtered from aerosols via a high volume air sampler. The collected 46 ambient air samples were analyzed for Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Al using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Flame unit. Additionally, the volume of the air was drawn and meteorological data recorded.
Average individual heavy metal concentrations were found as Cd (0.06 ng/m3) < Cr (0.09 ng/m3) < Zn (0.21 ng/m3) < Pb (0.23 ng/m3) < Cu (0.48 ng/m3). The concentrations of crustal elements Fe and Al were changed between 5.48 ng/m3, 74 ng/m3 and 14 ng/m3, 284 ng/m3 respectively during the sampling period. Except Cr and Fe anthropogenic contribution was seen on the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in an increasing order. While the crustal element Fe was not show an appreciable change in concentration, but the Al concentration was display an important change in concentration depending on the wind transportation.
Introduction
Various chemicals are emitted into the air from both natural and man-made (anthropogenic) sources. The quantities may range from hundreds to millions of tonnes annually. Natural air pollution stems from various biotic and abiotic sources such as plants, radiological decomposition, forest fires, volcanoes and other geothermal sources and emissions from land and water. These result in a natural background concentration that varies according to local sources or specific weather conditions [1]. The emission of toxic substances in the environment has been spread from industrialized countries. Many industrial plants and also heavy traffic may produce heavy metal into atmosphere. Traffic pollutants include potentially toxic metals for health like lead, cadmium and zinc [2, 3]. Migon et al. [4] indicated after the implementation of antipollution policies on automotive Pb concentration levels decreased by 82 %. The changes in life style increases the levels at which trace metals are added in soil, water and air from anthropogenic sources [5, 6]. Heavy metal pollution is potentially a persistent problem all over the world in an increasing order [7].
Emissions from traffic contain many toxic heavy metals such as; Pb, Cd and Zn [2]. Meteorological conditions and local sources have an important role on trace element concentrations. Airborne particles are important carriers of metals [8].
In recent decades, major efforts have been made to reduce air pollution in the European Region [1]. So a considerable interest has been given to particulate matter (PM) of aerosols due to their impacts on visibility, human health, plants, aquatic life and materials [8–10].
While the industrialization and human activities intensify the emission of various pollutants into the environment and introduce various harmful substances into the atmosphere [3].
A few decades ago the study are Tuzla region in İstanbul was a coastal recreation area. The industrialization of the Tuzla region had been increased rapidly. Especially shipyards and shipping industry were growth in the region. Such areas were classified “transitional urban areas” had rapid population growth between 1975 and 2005 but tapered projected growth between 2005 and 2015 such as İstanbul, Turkey [11]. The aim of this study is firstly to search the seasonal change of metals Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Al of concentrations as inorganic pollutants and secondly to find their sources and anthropogenic contributions for the first time for this region.
Material and methods
Sampling
The sampling area is located in Turkey/İstanbul, TUDEV-Piri Reis University Campus (400 49′ 05 66″N and 290 20′54 00″E) at a height of 22 m (Fig. 1). The sampling point is faraway 0.81 km from the Marmara Sea. A High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) was fixed at the top of the University Building roof to carry out the aerosols sampling.