Question

caste an empirical reality discuss ​

Answer 1

Answer: It has been pondering about this lately, in the context of two government initiatives to collect more knowledge about us Indians, as caste groups, and as individuals. Both of these information-gathering trainings—the proposal for a “caste census", which has produced a stormy argument, and the simply random discussion over the planned Unique Identification number (UID) for every Indian—has implications for our common sense of what it is to be a citizen, and for the terms of the social contract that holds us together as a nation.

Answer 2

The Indian caste system is the paradigmatic example of caste ethnography. The Indians have ancient origins and were changed by multiple ruling elite, particularly the British Raj & the Mughal Empire  in Medieval, Early Modern & Modern India. The caste system comprises 2 different concepts, jati & varna  which can be seen as different levels of analysis for that system. This notion is the basis of positive programs for action in India.

Explanation:

• Many claim that the caste system as it appears today is the due to changes after the decline of the Mughal empire and the advent of the British colonial rule in India. The fall of the Mughal empire had seen emergence of influential people who identified with princes, priests who ascetics who upheld the imperial and military model of the caste ideal. Most previously casteless social classes were converted into separate caste societies.
• Between 1860 & 1920 British Raj segregated Indians into castes & granted administrative positions & appointments only for Christians & persons from certain castes, in particular, Brahmins, & some other high castes.
• The British Raj promoted this development, thus making rigid caste organization a key mechanism for governance. Across areas like the Bombay and the Presidencies of Madras, civil strife in the 1920s led to a reversal in this approach. The colonial administration initiated a campaign of racial segregation by reserving for the lower castes a certain proportion of government employment.
• Modern genetic studies,  reveal that around 500 AD in the Gupta era, the caste system was formed, when intermarriage suddenly became unusual between different social groups. Throughout other regions and sects of the Indian subcontinent, such as Catholicism, Christianity ,  Judaism, Islam, or Sikhism, Caste-based inequalities were also observed. Several reformist Hindu movements, Sikhism, Islam, & Christianity, as well as contemporary Indian Buddhism, particularly Navayana, have questioned this.
• New developments have taken place after India became independent, when a caste-based employment reservation policy with the "Scheduled Cast & Scheduled Tribes" lists was formalized. In order to protect and strengthen the socio-economic status of its lower caste community, the country has adopted several laws and social programs since 1950.

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