Causes of poverty in china
Answers
Answered by
1
inequality
one party system
one party system
Answered by
11
Poverty exists around the world. It’s in developing countries as well as in the modern world. While the effects are often similar, the causes vary greatly from area to area. In China there is a unique set of circumstances leading to the current conditions.
Even with China’s recent improvement in poverty, there are still over 252 million people living on less than $2/day (that’s 6.5 times the population of California!). Most of them live in rural areas where even the best-intentioned policies fail to make a real impact.
This list is an overview of the major causes of poverty in China. It provides a high-level explanation of the most common causes of poverty in China today.
1. Rural-urban Migration
For the first time in its history, China became an urbanized country in 2012. That means the urban population is larger then it’s rural one. People are moving into urban centers at a record pace in search of high-paying jobs. While this creates a substantial amount of poverty in the cities with people taking underpaying jobs and increasing their cost of living substantially, the most severe poverty is in the rural areas. That’s where the ones left behind (women, children, elderly) now struggle daily to survive.
2. Hukou System and Migrant Workers
The Hukou system is the household registration program in China. Among other demographics, it identifies every person as either rural or urban. The unfair and discriminatory system began in 1958 and is credited with preventing large slums from forming around major cities like those in India and Latin America. Today, though, it’s only a major barrier to economic reform and prevents migrant workers from receiving government provided services like healthcare, education and pension. Since these services are managed by regional governments, rather than the centralized national government, Chinese citizens are only eligible to receive the benefits from their local government. When they move, they are not eligible to receive benefits from their new regional government.
As an example, according to The Economist, “Shanghai had 170,000 students enrolled in high school in 2010, but there were 570,000 migrant children aged 15 to 19 living in the city who were unable to attend those schools.”
3. Education Gap
Education is widely accepted as a key to eliminating poverty. The Chinese government recognized this in the 1980s and began a nine-year compulsory education system to cover kids from ages 6-15. The system has had some success for urban children, but has created a large divide between urban and rural students. Many of the urban students attend state-of-the-art facilities to learn from outstanding teachers. Rural children are subjected to deteriorating buildings, poor materials and substandard education. “Rural students stand virtually no chance when competing academically with their urban counterparts,” Jiang Nengjie, an independent filmmaker who make a documentary on these children, explained for an NY Times interview.
Education is also a benefit subject to the national family planning policy (One-child Policy) as well. There are exceptions, specifically in rural areas, but many families are still subject to the policy. If not exempt, only one child per family are eligible for government provided education. Additional education is the financial responsibility of the family.
4. Access to Healthcare
Healthcare suffers from a similar challenge. While it is also considered a basic right under the Chinese constitution (along with education and social security), there is a disparity between urban and rural. While the central government provides some funding, most of the funding comes at the local government level. All of the administration comes from the local government. For families in the rural areas, their local government often is underfunded, medical clinics are few and far between, and the level of care is lacking.
5. Agricultural Lifestyle
Over two-thirds of China’s rural population make their living from farming, forestry or fishing. The poorer the household, the larger portion of income is derived from agricultural activities. With the urban migration of males, it leaves women and children to particularly vulnerable. Farming in rural China faces several challenges:
Remote locations without paved roads and poor marketsUnsafe drinking waterNaturally dry climate, over-cultivation and excessive demand on water and soilLack of skills and capacityReliance on traditional farming equipment and techniques
If like please thank
Even with China’s recent improvement in poverty, there are still over 252 million people living on less than $2/day (that’s 6.5 times the population of California!). Most of them live in rural areas where even the best-intentioned policies fail to make a real impact.
This list is an overview of the major causes of poverty in China. It provides a high-level explanation of the most common causes of poverty in China today.
1. Rural-urban Migration
For the first time in its history, China became an urbanized country in 2012. That means the urban population is larger then it’s rural one. People are moving into urban centers at a record pace in search of high-paying jobs. While this creates a substantial amount of poverty in the cities with people taking underpaying jobs and increasing their cost of living substantially, the most severe poverty is in the rural areas. That’s where the ones left behind (women, children, elderly) now struggle daily to survive.
2. Hukou System and Migrant Workers
The Hukou system is the household registration program in China. Among other demographics, it identifies every person as either rural or urban. The unfair and discriminatory system began in 1958 and is credited with preventing large slums from forming around major cities like those in India and Latin America. Today, though, it’s only a major barrier to economic reform and prevents migrant workers from receiving government provided services like healthcare, education and pension. Since these services are managed by regional governments, rather than the centralized national government, Chinese citizens are only eligible to receive the benefits from their local government. When they move, they are not eligible to receive benefits from their new regional government.
As an example, according to The Economist, “Shanghai had 170,000 students enrolled in high school in 2010, but there were 570,000 migrant children aged 15 to 19 living in the city who were unable to attend those schools.”
3. Education Gap
Education is widely accepted as a key to eliminating poverty. The Chinese government recognized this in the 1980s and began a nine-year compulsory education system to cover kids from ages 6-15. The system has had some success for urban children, but has created a large divide between urban and rural students. Many of the urban students attend state-of-the-art facilities to learn from outstanding teachers. Rural children are subjected to deteriorating buildings, poor materials and substandard education. “Rural students stand virtually no chance when competing academically with their urban counterparts,” Jiang Nengjie, an independent filmmaker who make a documentary on these children, explained for an NY Times interview.
Education is also a benefit subject to the national family planning policy (One-child Policy) as well. There are exceptions, specifically in rural areas, but many families are still subject to the policy. If not exempt, only one child per family are eligible for government provided education. Additional education is the financial responsibility of the family.
4. Access to Healthcare
Healthcare suffers from a similar challenge. While it is also considered a basic right under the Chinese constitution (along with education and social security), there is a disparity between urban and rural. While the central government provides some funding, most of the funding comes at the local government level. All of the administration comes from the local government. For families in the rural areas, their local government often is underfunded, medical clinics are few and far between, and the level of care is lacking.
5. Agricultural Lifestyle
Over two-thirds of China’s rural population make their living from farming, forestry or fishing. The poorer the household, the larger portion of income is derived from agricultural activities. With the urban migration of males, it leaves women and children to particularly vulnerable. Farming in rural China faces several challenges:
Remote locations without paved roads and poor marketsUnsafe drinking waterNaturally dry climate, over-cultivation and excessive demand on water and soilLack of skills and capacityReliance on traditional farming equipment and techniques
If like please thank
somyamangla:
worry
let me check it out wait
arey koi ni
kuch nahi hota
if it's so sorry but this is also written in reference question answer's short summery book
can you report this answer please
yeah
yes i fo
do
copying is banned?
Similar questions