Causes that led to non cooperation movement long answer
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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Resultant Punjab Disturbances
A large but unarmed crowd had gathered on 13th April 1919 at Amritsar in the Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the arrest of their popular leaders, Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal. However, on the orders of General Dyer, this unarmed crowd comprising of women and children among others was fired upon mercilessly with rifles and machine guns. Thousands were killed and wounded. After this massacre, martial law was proclaimed throughout Punjab and the people were submitted to the most uncivilised atrocities.
The British government set up the Inquiry Disorders Committee, popularly known as the Hunter Committee after its Chairman Lord William Hunter, to investigate Jallianwala Bagh incident and General Dyer’s role. Although the Hunter committee held General Dyer responsible for the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh it upheld his reasons for ordering the firing upon the unarmed crowd and also the imposition of martial law in Punjab
Rowlatt Act
On the basis of the finding of the Rowlatt Committee, the government enacted the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919 which was popularly called the Rowlatt Act. This act authorized the government to imprison for a maximum period of two years, without trial, any person suspected of terrorism. Thus in succession, the Government passed Montagu Chelmsford Reforms and Rowlatt Act that were part of the Carrot and Stick policy of the British. This act gave a new direction to the movement. Gandhi organized a mass protest at all India level.
Khilafat Movement in India
In the first World War Turkey had aligned with the Axis powers led by Germany that were defeated by the Allied powers led by Great Britain. The politically conscious Muslims were critical of the treatment out to the Turkish (Ottoman) Empire by Britain and its Allies who had partitioned it and taken away Thrace from Turkey proper.
The Muslims also regarded the Sultan of Turkey as the Caliph or the religious head of the Muslims and they strongly felt that his position over the Muslim religious places should not be undermined.
A Khilafat Committee was soon formed under the leadership of the Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani and country-wide Khilafat agitation was organised. The All-India Khilafat Conference held at Delhi in November 1919 decided to withdraw all cooperation from the government if their demands were not met by the government.
Mahatma Gandhi looked upon the Khilafat agitation as “an opportunity of uniting Hindus and Muslims as would not arise in a hundred years”.
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A large but unarmed crowd had gathered on 13th April 1919 at Amritsar in the Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the arrest of their popular leaders, Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal. However, on the orders of General Dyer, this unarmed crowd comprising of women and children among others was fired upon mercilessly with rifles and machine guns. Thousands were killed and wounded. After this massacre, martial law was proclaimed throughout Punjab and the people were submitted to the most uncivilised atrocities.
The British government set up the Inquiry Disorders Committee, popularly known as the Hunter Committee after its Chairman Lord William Hunter, to investigate Jallianwala Bagh incident and General Dyer’s role. Although the Hunter committee held General Dyer responsible for the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh it upheld his reasons for ordering the firing upon the unarmed crowd and also the imposition of martial law in Punjab
Rowlatt Act
On the basis of the finding of the Rowlatt Committee, the government enacted the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919 which was popularly called the Rowlatt Act. This act authorized the government to imprison for a maximum period of two years, without trial, any person suspected of terrorism. Thus in succession, the Government passed Montagu Chelmsford Reforms and Rowlatt Act that were part of the Carrot and Stick policy of the British. This act gave a new direction to the movement. Gandhi organized a mass protest at all India level.
Khilafat Movement in India
In the first World War Turkey had aligned with the Axis powers led by Germany that were defeated by the Allied powers led by Great Britain. The politically conscious Muslims were critical of the treatment out to the Turkish (Ottoman) Empire by Britain and its Allies who had partitioned it and taken away Thrace from Turkey proper.
The Muslims also regarded the Sultan of Turkey as the Caliph or the religious head of the Muslims and they strongly felt that his position over the Muslim religious places should not be undermined.
A Khilafat Committee was soon formed under the leadership of the Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani and country-wide Khilafat agitation was organised. The All-India Khilafat Conference held at Delhi in November 1919 decided to withdraw all cooperation from the government if their demands were not met by the government.
Mahatma Gandhi looked upon the Khilafat agitation as “an opportunity of uniting Hindus and Muslims as would not arise in a hundred years”.
Hi it helps you..... please mark as brainliest...
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