. Change the following Direct speech into Indirect.
1. She says, “I will do this work.”
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2. Sunita says, “He can come and stay in my flat.”
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3. Amrita says to Hari, “I am taking my lunch now.”
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4. Nancy says, “I am going to Paris next month.”
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5. Vikas says, “I work hard on this project.”
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6. She says, “This book is mine.”
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7. Aunt Kajol says to me, “You will send these books to my place the day after tomorrow.”
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8. Chetan says to mother, “I will tell you the truth.”
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9. I have told him, “My father is a doctor.”
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10. Meeta says, “I am sure everything will be alright after the operation
Answers
Answer:
Changes in reporting verb
Affirmative sentences: said, told (object), asserted, replied, assured, informed, responded, whispered, alleged, believed, assumed, thought
Interrogative sentences: asked, inquired, wanted to know, enquired
Imperative sentences: ordered, begged, pleaded, implored, advised, demanded
2. Change of pronouns
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Meeta said, ‘I live in Himachal’.’ Meeta said that he lived in Himachal.
The conjunction that is used to connect the reporting verb with what is said.
A first-person and second-person generally change to third person (depending upon object to reporting verb)
In case the reporting verb is in present, the tense of verb in reported speech continues to remain in the present tense.
3. Change of tenses
When we report something after a certain period of time, and what we are talking about has already happened, we change the tense of the sentence being reported into a corresponding past tense. Read the following table carefully.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Kalpana said, ‘I teach in a school.’ Kalpana said that she taught in a school.
Kalpana said, ‘I am teaching in a school.’ Kalpana said that she was teaching in a school.
Kalpana said, ‘I have taught in a school.’ Kalpana said that she had taught in a school.
Kalpana said, ‘I have been teaching in a school for the past one year. ’ Kalpana said that she had been teaching in a school for the past one year.
Kalpana said, ‘I taught in a school for two years.’ Kalpana said that she had taught in a school for two years.
Kalpana said, ‘I was working at a call centre before I started teaching.’ Kalpana said that she had been working at a call centre before she started teaching.
In general, present tense becomes past tense:
Past tense becomes past perfect tense.
Past continuous becomes past perfect continuous tense.
Past perfect and past perfect continuous remain unchanged.
4. Change of situations
When we report sentences in indirect speech, the words denoting places or time are changed.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Puja said, ‘I went to Rohtak last week.’ Puja said that she had gone to Rohtak the previous week.
this that
last week the previous week
here there
now then
today that day
yesterday the day before/the previous day
tomorrow the next/coming day
last week the week before/the previous week
next month the next month/the coming month
5. Universal truths
When universal truths are being reported we may choose either to retain the original tense of the sentence or to change it.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
The teacher said, ‘The earth is round.’ The teacher said that the earth is round.
6. Questions and answers
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Rahul asked his sister, ‘Have you taken your purse?’ (Yes/No question) Rahul asked his sister if/whether she had taken her purse.
Rahul asked his sister, “Where are the keys?’ (Wh- question) Rahul asked his sister where the keys were.
7. Commands, orders and requests
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
The teacher said, “You must be honest.” The teacher advised the students to be honest.
The policeman said to the driver, “Drive cautiously.” The policeman ordered the driver to drive cautiously.
The Inspector said to the crowd, “Tell me the details.” The Inspector asked the crowd to tell him the details.
“Why don’t you take up acting?” I suggested to my sister. I suggested to my sister to take up acting.
8. Modals verbs
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Kunal said, ‘I can drive.’ Kunal said that he could drive.
Changes in modals
can – could
will – would
shall – should
may – might
Would, should, could, might, ought to and must are unchanged
1. She says, “I will do this work.”
Answer: She said that she would do that work.
2. Sunita says, “He can come and stay in my flat.”
Answer: Sunita said that he could come and stay in her flat.
3. Amrita says to Hari, “I am taking my lunch now.”
Answer: Amrita told Hari that she is taking her lunch then.
4. Nancy says, “I am going to Paris next month.”
Answer: Nancy said that she is going to Paris following month.
5.Vikas says, “I work hard on this project.”
Answer: Vikas said that he is working hard on that project.
6.She says, “This book is mine.
Answer : She said that this book is mine.
7 Aunt kajol says to me, “You will send these books to my place the day after tomorrow.”
Answer: Aunt Kajol tolds me that I will send those books to her place the day after tomorrow.
8.Chetan says to mother, “I will tell you the truth.”
Answer: Chetan tells mother that he would tell her the truth.
9. I have told him, “My father is a doctor.”
Answer: I have told him that my father is a doctor.
10.Meeta says, “I am sure everything will be alright after the operation."
Answer: Meeta said that she is sure everything would be alright after the operation.
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