Chapter-3
Our changing earth
Very short answer.
1. How are earthquakes and volcanoes caused?
2. Describe earthquake with the help of a diagram?
3. How are the earthquakes predicted?
4. How are the earthquakes measured?
5. Define weathering?
Short answer.
7. Discuss the work of sea waves and glaciers?
8. What are mushroom rocks, sand dunes and loess?
9. Which processes modify the earth?
10. Why is the work of erosion and transportation more in the mountains than in the plains?
11. What is a waterfall? Explain with example.
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Answers
Answer:
1. How are earthquakes and volcanoes caused?
Most earthquakes directly beneath a volcano are caused by the movement of magma. The magma exerts pressure on the rocks until it cracks the rock. Then the magma squirts into the crack and starts building pressure again. Every time the rock cracks it makes a small earthquake.
2 is in the end
3. How are the earthquakes predicted?
Seismologists use models based on a combination of elastic rebound theory and plate tectonics to try to predict when earthquakes are likely to happen. These models all link the build-up of stress along a fault with when an earthquake will happen and how large it will be.
4. How are the earthquakes measured?
Earthquakes, until recently, have been measured on the Richter scale. The Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake (how powerful it is). It is measured using a machine called a seismometer which produces a seismograph. A Richter scale is normally numbered 1-10, though there is no upper limit.
5. Define weathering?
Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface. ... Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.
7. Discuss the work of sea waves and glaciers?
The sea waves deposit sediments along the shores forming beaches. Glaciers are “rivers of ice” which too erode the landscape by bulldozing soil and stones to expose the solid rock below. Glaciers carve out deep hollows there. As the ice melts they get filled up with water and become beautiful lakes in the mountains.
8. What are mushroom rocks, sand dunes and loess?
A mushroom rock, also called rock pedestal, or a pedestal rock, is a naturally occurring rock whose shape, as its name implies, resembles a mushroom. The rocks are deformed in a number of different ways: by erosion and weathering, glacial action, or from a sudden disturbance
A sand dune is a mount, hill or ridge of sand that lies behind the part of the beach affected by tides. They are formed over many years when windblown sand is trapped by beach grass or other stationary objects. ... Without vegetation, wind and waves regularly change the form and location of dunes.
Loess is an aeolian sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown silt, typically in the 20–50 micrometer size range, twenty percent or less clay and the balance equal parts sand and silt that are loosely cemented by calcium carbonate.
9. Which processes modify the earth?
Wind, water, and ice erode and shape the land. Volcanic activity and earthquakes alter the landscape in a dramatic and often violent manner. And on a much longer timescale, the movement of earth's plates slowly reconfigures oceans and continents. Each one of these processes plays a role in the Arctic and Antarctica.
10. Why is the work of erosion and transportation more in the mountains than in the plains?
The work of erosion and transportation of a river is more in the mountains than in the plains because when the water flows in the slopes of the mountains , it is in its 1st course which means that it flows very fast, depositing and eroding all that it can.
11. What is a waterfall? Explain with example.
Waterfall model is an example of a Sequential model. In this model, the software development activity is divided into different phases and each phase consists of series of tasks and has different objectives. In waterfall, development of one phase starts only when the previous phase is complete.
2. Describe earthquake with the help of a diagram?
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Explanation:
answer is in the attachment
