characteristics of ionic and molecular compounds
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Ionic Compounds
Have high melting points.
Have high boiling points.
Tend to be soluble in water.
Conduct electricity in liquid form and in aqueous solution.
Are usually hard and brittle solids.
Have high enthalpies of fusion.
Have high enthalpies if vaporization.
Properties of simple molecular substances
Low melting and boiling points - This is because the weak intermolecular forces break down easily.
Non-conductive - Substances with a simple molecular structure do not conduct electricity. This is because they do not have any free electrons or an overall electric charge.
Have high melting points.
Have high boiling points.
Tend to be soluble in water.
Conduct electricity in liquid form and in aqueous solution.
Are usually hard and brittle solids.
Have high enthalpies of fusion.
Have high enthalpies if vaporization.
Properties of simple molecular substances
Low melting and boiling points - This is because the weak intermolecular forces break down easily.
Non-conductive - Substances with a simple molecular structure do not conduct electricity. This is because they do not have any free electrons or an overall electric charge.
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Covalent Compounds
Chemical bonds between two nonmetals are covalent bonds. Their electronegative properties are similar, and they share pairs of electrons between atoms. You can tell if a compound is covalent by its state at room temperature and standard pressure; if it is a liquid or a gas, it will be covalent. They have low boiling and melting points, and are slightly polar. They have a definite shape. As long as the difference in electronegativity of the atoms is less than 1.7, the bond between them will be covalent. Energy is released when a covalent bond is formed, so a compound becomes more stable as more covalent bonds are made.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds occur between a metal and a nonmetal. The atoms in an ionic compound have a difference in electronegativity greater than 1.7, meaning one of the atoms will be able to attract the outer electron of the other atom. They are solid at standard pressure and temperature, and they have high boiling and melting points. Because of the great difference in electronegativity, ionic compounds tend to have a high polarity.
Chemical bonds between two nonmetals are covalent bonds. Their electronegative properties are similar, and they share pairs of electrons between atoms. You can tell if a compound is covalent by its state at room temperature and standard pressure; if it is a liquid or a gas, it will be covalent. They have low boiling and melting points, and are slightly polar. They have a definite shape. As long as the difference in electronegativity of the atoms is less than 1.7, the bond between them will be covalent. Energy is released when a covalent bond is formed, so a compound becomes more stable as more covalent bonds are made.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds occur between a metal and a nonmetal. The atoms in an ionic compound have a difference in electronegativity greater than 1.7, meaning one of the atoms will be able to attract the outer electron of the other atom. They are solid at standard pressure and temperature, and they have high boiling and melting points. Because of the great difference in electronegativity, ionic compounds tend to have a high polarity.
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