Chemical reactions involved in catalytic cracking of gas oil
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chemical reaction involved in catalytic cracking of gas oil
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The hot catalyst vaporizes the feed and catalyzes the cracking reactions that break down the high-molecular weight oil into lighter components including LPG, gasoline, and diesel. The catalyst-hydrocarbon mixture flows upward through the riser for a few seconds, and then the mixture is separated via cyclones.
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Most modern cracking processes, both catalytic and noncatalytic, depend to a considerable extent on other reactions besides true cracking to produce high quality gasoline. The general mechanism involved in catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons is an ionic one, and the application of the carbonium ion theory has been extremely successful in accounting for the reactions, which distinguish catalytic cracking from thermal cracking. The mechanism of hydrogen transfer between olefins and saturated hydrocarbons is not entirely clear. The indications are that the olefin forms a complex with the catalyst and that in this state of activation it is capable of polarizing C–H bonds and extracting a hydride ion.
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