Classical school of criminology principles
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To understand the classical school, Jordan's teacher tells him to remember the five key principles of the classical school of criminology. They are:
1. Rationality: The classical school assumes that people have free will and that they choose to commit crimes. For example, if Jordan decides to steal some candy at the store, he is not forced to, based on some pre-destiny. He chooses to steal that candy. Not only that, he thinks about it beforehand and says to himself, 'I really want candy, and I don't have money, so I will steal it.' This is the rational thinking that goes into his planning to commit a crime.
2. Hedonism: The classical school also assumes that people seek pleasure and try to avoid pain. For example, when Jordan looks at the candy in the store, he thinks about how it will bring him pleasure, so he steals it.
3. Punishment: Remember how we said that a key idea was the idea of hedonism, where people seek pleasure and try to avoid pain? Well, that informs punishment, according to the classical school. For example, if Jordan thinks about stealing the candy and then realizes that he could go to jail for it, he might not steal it because he'll be trying to avoid the pain of jail. In this way, the classical school of criminology believes that punishment works as a deterrent to crime.
4. Human rights: Jordan has learned that before the classical school of criminology, punishments could be very harsh indeed. It was not uncommon to torture someone who was only suspected of a crime, and the punishments once convicted could be horrifying.
According to the classical school of criminology, all individuals have rights, and society needs to respect the rights of individuals. That means that they should not torture or institute punishment that is unreasonably harsh. For example, if Jordan gets caught stealing the candy, we wouldn't expect that his punishment would involve cutting his hand off. That seems a little extreme!
5. Due process: The idea of due process is that people accused of a crime are considered innocent until proven guilty, and that they have the chance to go to trial and face the judicial system. If Jordan was accused of stealing the candy and then just thrown in jail without a trial, that would be a violation of his due process.
1. Rationality: The classical school assumes that people have free will and that they choose to commit crimes. For example, if Jordan decides to steal some candy at the store, he is not forced to, based on some pre-destiny. He chooses to steal that candy. Not only that, he thinks about it beforehand and says to himself, 'I really want candy, and I don't have money, so I will steal it.' This is the rational thinking that goes into his planning to commit a crime.
2. Hedonism: The classical school also assumes that people seek pleasure and try to avoid pain. For example, when Jordan looks at the candy in the store, he thinks about how it will bring him pleasure, so he steals it.
3. Punishment: Remember how we said that a key idea was the idea of hedonism, where people seek pleasure and try to avoid pain? Well, that informs punishment, according to the classical school. For example, if Jordan thinks about stealing the candy and then realizes that he could go to jail for it, he might not steal it because he'll be trying to avoid the pain of jail. In this way, the classical school of criminology believes that punishment works as a deterrent to crime.
4. Human rights: Jordan has learned that before the classical school of criminology, punishments could be very harsh indeed. It was not uncommon to torture someone who was only suspected of a crime, and the punishments once convicted could be horrifying.
According to the classical school of criminology, all individuals have rights, and society needs to respect the rights of individuals. That means that they should not torture or institute punishment that is unreasonably harsh. For example, if Jordan gets caught stealing the candy, we wouldn't expect that his punishment would involve cutting his hand off. That seems a little extreme!
5. Due process: The idea of due process is that people accused of a crime are considered innocent until proven guilty, and that they have the chance to go to trial and face the judicial system. If Jordan was accused of stealing the candy and then just thrown in jail without a trial, that would be a violation of his due process.
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