Question

Classify industry on the basis of owenership and classify with suitable example .

Answer 1

On the basis of ownership industries are classified into four categories

i.Private: Industries which are controlled and Run by an individual or group of individuals.
ex. Tata

ii.Public sector: These industries are owned and operated by government agencies.
ex.BHEL

iii.Joint sector: Such industries are jointly run by government and individuals.
ex.Oil India Limited

iv.Cooperative sector:These industries are run by supplier and producers.
ex.Sugar mill.

Answer 2

Individual Resources: These are also owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own land which is allotted to them by government against the payment of revenue. In villages there are people with land ownership but there are many who are landless. Urban people own plots, houses and other property. Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc. are some of the examples of resources ownership by individuals. Make a list of resources owned by your household.

Community Owned Resources: There are resources which are accessible to all the members of the community. Village commons (grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, etc.) public parks, picnic spots , playgrounds in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the people living there.

National Resources: Technically, all the resources belong to the nation. The country has legal powers to acquire even private property for public good. You might have seen roads, canals, railways being constructed on fields owned by some individuals. Urban Development Authorities get empowered by the government to acquire land. All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.

International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.