Question

Classify mountain on the basis of their original. Explain each type

Answer 1

The types of mountains are:

1) Fold mountains: Fold Mountains have their origins in the folds of the Earth. Some of the fold mountains are the Himalayas and Aravallis in the Indian sub-continent, Alps in Europe, Urals in Eurasia.

2) Block mountains: These are formed when large areas are broken and uplifted to form horsts. The sunken areas are called grabens. The Rhine Valley and Vosges mountains are examples of graben and horst.

3) Volcanic mountain: These have their origin due to volcanic activity. Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan are examples of volcanic mountains.

Answer 2

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There are five basic kinds of mountains:

• Fold Mountains (Folded Mountains)
• Fault-block Mountains (Block Mountains)
• Dome Mountains
• Volcanic Mountains
• Plateau Mountains

These different types of mountain names not only distinguish the physical characteristics of the mountains, but also how they were formed.

• Fold Mountains

Fold mountains are the most common type of mountain. The world’s largest mountain ranges are fold mountains. These ranges were formed over millions of years.

Fold mountains are formed when two plates collide head on, and their edges crumbled, much the same way as a piece of paper folds when pushed together.

The upward folds are known as anticlines, and the downward folds are synclines.

Examples of fold mountains include:

Himalayan Mountains in Asia
the Alps in Europe
the Andes in South America
the Rockies in North America
the Urals in Russia

The Himalayan Mountains were formed when India crashed into Asia and pushed up the tallest mountain range on the continents.

In South America, the Andes Mountains were formed by the collision of the South American continental plate and the oceanic
Pacific plate.

Did you know?
Two Tectonic Plates meet along the Southern Alps. This is called a fault line. The Southern Alps are constantly changing because the Pacific Plate is being pushed down under the Australian Plate and that causes the Alps to rise up.

• Fault-block Mountains

These mountains form when faults or cracks in the earth's crust force some materials or blocks of rock up and others down.

Instead of the earth folding over, the earth's crust fractures (pulls apart). It breaks up into blocks or chunks. Sometimes these blocks of rock move up and down, as they move apart and blocks of rock end up being stacked on one another.

Often fault-block mountains have a steep front side and a sloping back side.

Examples of fault-block mountains include:

the Sierra Nevada mountains in North America
the Harz Mountains in Germany

• Dome Mountains

Dome mountains are the result of a great amount of melted rock (magma) pushing its way up under the earth crust. Without actually erupting onto the surface, the magma pushes up overlaying rock layers. At some point, the magma cools and forms hardened rock. The uplifted area created by rising magma is called a dome because of looking like the top half of a sphere (ball). The rock layers over the hardened magma are warped upward to form the dome. But the rock layers of the surrounding area remain flat.

As the dome is higher than its surroundings, erosion by wind and rain occurs from the top. This
results in a circular mountain range. Domes that have been worn away in places form many
separate peaks called Dome Mountains.

• Volcanic Mountains

As the name suggests, volcanic mountains are formed by volcanoes.

Volcanic Mountains are formed when molten rock (magma) deep within the earth, erupts, and piles upon the surface. Magna is called lava when it breaks through the earth's crust. When the ash and lava cools, it builds a cone of rock. Rock and lava pile up, layer on top of layer.

Examples of volcanic mountains include:

Mount St. Helens in North America
Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines
Mount Kea and Mount Loa in Hawaii
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