Classify the following as examples of homology and analogy–
(i) Hearts of fish and crocodile
(ii) Wings of butterfly and birds
(iii) Eyes of Octopus and Mammals
(iv) Tubers of potato and Sweet potato
(v) Thorns of Bougainvillea and spines of Opuntia
(vi) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbits.
Class XII
Evolution
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Homology and Analogy.
(1) Heart of fish and heart of crocodile: homologous because their origin is similar and both have auricle and ventricle. In fish one auricle and one ventricle, so two chambered heart but in crocodile it is two auricles and a ventricle which is partially divided to form two ventricles.
(2) Wings of butterfly and wings of birds: analogous because their origin is different though functionally same , i.e., flying. Wings of butterflies are mere extensions of skin but wings of birds are their forelimbs which covered with feathers.
(3) Eyes of octopus and mammals: analogous because origin is different though same function, i.e., seeing.
(4) Tubers of potato and sweet potato: analogous because Tubers of potato are modified stems and that of sweet potato is modified root.
(5) Thorns of Bougainvillea and spines of Opuntia: analogous because thorns of Bougainvillea are modified stems and spines of Opuntia are modified leaves.
(6) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbits: homologous because both have same origin though functionally different. Both are modified stems, one is used for defense and another for climbing respectively.
(1) Heart of fish and heart of crocodile: homologous because their origin is similar and both have auricle and ventricle. In fish one auricle and one ventricle, so two chambered heart but in crocodile it is two auricles and a ventricle which is partially divided to form two ventricles.
(2) Wings of butterfly and wings of birds: analogous because their origin is different though functionally same , i.e., flying. Wings of butterflies are mere extensions of skin but wings of birds are their forelimbs which covered with feathers.
(3) Eyes of octopus and mammals: analogous because origin is different though same function, i.e., seeing.
(4) Tubers of potato and sweet potato: analogous because Tubers of potato are modified stems and that of sweet potato is modified root.
(5) Thorns of Bougainvillea and spines of Opuntia: analogous because thorns of Bougainvillea are modified stems and spines of Opuntia are modified leaves.
(6) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbits: homologous because both have same origin though functionally different. Both are modified stems, one is used for defense and another for climbing respectively.
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