Question

Climate and Vegetation of the old fold mountains

Answer 1

Explanation:

Landforms

Weathering, water, elevation, sinking, and erosion of the soil are constantly shaping the surface of the Earth. It doesn’t really happen overnight but takes hundreds and thousands of years for us to notice these changes. These are the natural processes that lead to various formations of the Landforms. Landforms originate from these geological processes. Let’s understand the processes that shape the landforms.

External Process

External process means effects caused by the external factors such as rain or wind. Erosion occurs when material on the surface like soil and rocks which are called sediments are deposited or dropped off in a different location. These natural processes change the surface of the Earth. Erosion and Deposition are the processes that are occurring externally.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Fold Mountains:

Fold mountains are the result of folding of the Earth's crustal rocks by compressive forces. They are considered as the "true mountains" and the term Orogenesis or mountain building is commonly used for Fold mountains. Examples - Rockies (North America), Andes (South America), Alps (Europe), Atlas(Africa), Himalayas (Asia) etc.

A Brief on Mountains in general

Mountains are natural elevated second order relief features (refer to Table 1) on the Earth s surface.

Based on their mode of formation, mountains can be classified into four main types

Fold Mountain

Block Mountain

Volcanic Mountain

Residual Mountain

Table 1: Classification of features on Earth's surface

Types of Fold Mountains:

On the basis of Nature of Fold

1. Simple folded mountains - folds are arranged in waves like pattern with a well-developed system of anticline and synclines.

2. Complex folded mountains - folds are complex in nature due to extreme compressional forces like overfold, recumbent fold and nappe.

On the basis of the Period of Origin:

1. Old fold mountains - Those mountains which originated before the Tertiary period. These mountains have been so greatly denuded (or eroded) that they have become residual fold mountains. For example, Aravalis, Appalachians etc.