Collect the information on which factors are causing diseases in the surroundings and how diseases spread to others start the communicable diseases which find practices are the following and what precautions to be taken to prevent diseases detailed report should be submitted
Answers
Environmental factors influencing the spread of communicable diseases
A number of environmental factors influence the spread of communicable diseases that are prone to cause epidemics. The most important of these are:
water supply
sanitation facilities
food
climate.
A lack of safe water, inadequate excreta disposal facilities, poor hygiene, poor living conditions and unsafe food can all cause diarrhoeal diseases. These diseases are a major cause of suffering and death in an emergency situation.
Climate can affect disease transmission in a variety of ways. The distribution and population size of disease vectors can be heavily affected by local climate. Flooding after heavy rains can result in sewage overflow and widespread water contamination. In addition, there is some evidence to suggest that pathogens can be spread from one region to another along air streams or by wind.
WHO’s response to communicable disease outbreaks is led by the Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response Department.
KEY resources
WHO
Communicable disease control in emergencies. A field manual (2005)
Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a practical guide (2002)
Chapters 10 and 11
Practical guidelines for infection control in health care facilities. Chapter 4. Environmental management practices (2003)
Vector-borne disease fact sheets
Water and sanitation related diseases fact sheets
Other resources
WHO
Assessing microbial safety of drinking water: improving approaches and methods (2003)
Emerging issues in water and infectious diseases (2003)
Environmental management for vector control (1998)
Fact sheet on the management of waste during emergencies
Four steps for the sound management of health-care waste in emergencies
Guide to the development of on-site sanitation (1992)
WHO technical notes on environmental sanitation in emergencies
Related sites
WHO Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response
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Communicable, or infectious diseases, are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Some are transmitted through bites from insects while others are caused by ingesting contaminated food or water.Keeping personal hygiene, like taking a daily bath and washing your hands frequently. Hand washing with soap and water is the simplest and one of the most effective ways to prevent transmission of many communicable diseases . The times when hands must be washed are indicate
Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
Fungi. ...
Parasites.