Comment on the role of Vladimir Lenin in the Russian revolution and discuss about his contribution.
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"Lenin" redirects here. For other uses, see Lenin (disambiguation).This name uses Eastern Slavic naming customs; the patronymic is Ilyich and the family name is Ulyanov.Vladimir LeninВладимир ЛенинChairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet UnionIn office
30 December 1922 – 21 January 1924Preceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byAlexei RykovChairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSRIn office
8 November 1917 – 21 January 1924Preceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byAlexei RykovPersonal detailsBornVladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
22 April 1870
Simbirsk, Russian EmpireDied21 January 1924 (aged 53)
Gorki, Russian SFSR, Soviet UnionResting placeLenin's Mausoleum, Moscow, Russian FederationNationalityRussian EmpirePolitical partyRussian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) (1898–1912)Russian Communist Party(1912–1924)Other political
affiliationsLeague of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class (1895–1898)Spouse(s)Nadezhda Krupskaya(m. 1898–1924)RelationsAleksandr Ulyanov (brother)Anna Ulyanova (sister)Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov (brother)Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova(sister) and three other siblingsParentsIlya Nikolayevich UlyanovMaria Alexandrovna BlankEducationLawAlma materSaint Petersburg Imperial UniversityCentral institution membership[show]Military offices held[show]Leader of the Soviet Union
Inaugural holderStalin →
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov,[a] better known by the alias Lenin[b] (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of the Russian Republic from 1917 to 1918, of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republicfrom 1918 to 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-partycommunist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, he developed political theories known as Leninism.
Born to a wealthy middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's execution in 1887. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior figure in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1897, he was arrested for seditionand exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent party theorist through his publications. In 1903, he took a key role in a RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Encouraging insurrection during Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he later campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.
Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treatywith the Central Powers and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-winganti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish-Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the market-orientated New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations secured independence after 1917, but three re-united with Russia through the formation of the Soviet Union in 1922. In increasingly poor health, Lenin expressed opposition to the growing power of his successor, Joseph Stalin, before dying at his dacha in Gorki.