Question

Compare and contrast tax farming in the Ottoman Empire and the zamindar system in the Mughal Empire.

Answer 1

Answer:

Ilitizam's were introduced in the 15th Century Ottoman Empire by Mehmet the Conqueror. Similar to "Tax Farming'', a piece of land would be leased to a third-party contractor, who would manage it and earn a living while giving a fixed income every year to the land owner.

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Iltizam:Ilitizam's were introduced in the 15th Century Ottoman Empire by Mehmet the Conqueror. Similar to "Tax Farming'', a piece of land would be leased ... More

Answer 2

Tax farming in the Ottoman Empire and the Zamindar system in the Mughal Empire

Explanation:

Tax Farming of Ottoman Empire

• Malikâne was a form of tax farming ( management of a tax  is assigned by legal contract to a 3rd party) introduced in the Ottoman empire in the year 1695.
• This was meant as an upgrade on the Iltizam scheme, under which for a single-year, the tax farmer was responsible.
• Malikâne contracts were for life; this gave the tax farmer more protection and a less exploitative relationship with peasants. Malikâne was a more secure source of revenue, from the viewpoint of the treasury.
• Auctions of local tax-farming privileges made it easier to incorporate numerous local tax-farmers into the Ottoman state and thus helped to establish a more liberal definition of private land possession.

Zamindar system in the Mughal Empire

• During the Mughal period, Zamindars were small-scale village landholders, heirs of old royal elites who held small parts of their ancestral land.
• These also include the Rajput and other chiefs in their principalities who exerted independent administrative authority.  hey had inherited rights to receive land revenue that could go up to 25 per cent of revenue.
• They generally collected from the individual peasants at custom or self-determined rates and paid the government a fixed tax. His personal gain was the difference between his earnings, and the money he paid to the tax.