complete the concept map nature of soul according to advaita darshana
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Advaita Vedānta (/ʌðˈvaɪtə vɛˈðɑːntə/; Sanskrit: अद्वैत वेदान्त, IAST: Advaita Vedānta, literally, "non-duality") is a school of Hindu philosophy, and is a classic system of spiritual realization in Indian tradition.[1] The term Advaita refers to the idea that Brahman alone is ultimately real, the phenomenal transient world is an illusory appearance (maya) of Brahman, and the true self, atman, is not different from Brahman.[2][3][4]
Originally known as Puruṣavāda[5][note 1] and as māyāvāda,[6][7][8][9] the followers of this school are known as Advaita Vedantins, or just Advaitins,[10] regarding the phenomenal world as mere illusory appearance of plurality, experienced through the sense-impressions by ignorance (avidya), an illusion superimposed (adhyāsa) on the sole reality of Brahman.[11] They seek moksha (liberation) through recognizing this illusoriness of the phenomenal world and acquiring vidyā (knowledge)[12] of one's true identity as Atman, and the identity of Atman and Brahman.[13][14][15]
Adi Shankara, the most prominent exponent of Advaita Vedānta tradition.
Advaita Vedānta traces its roots to the oldest Upanishads. It relies on three textual sources called the Prasthanatrayi. It gives "a unifying interpretation of the whole body of Upanishads",[16] the Brahma Sutras, and the Bhagavad Gitā.[17][web 1] Advaita Vedānta is the oldest extant sub-school of Vedānta,[note 2] which is one of the six orthodox (āstika) Hindu philosophies (darśana). Although its roots trace back to the 1st millennium BCE, the most prominent exponent of the Advaita Vedānta is considered by tradition to be the 8th century scholar Adi Shankara.[18][19][20]
Advaita Vedānta emphasizes Jivanmukti, the idea that moksha (freedom, liberation) is achievable in this life in contrast to other Indian philosophies that emphasize videhamukti, or moksha after death.[21][22] The school uses concepts such as Brahman, Atman, Maya, Avidya, meditation and others that are found in major Indian religious traditions,[web 1][23][24] but interprets them in its own way for its theories of moksha.[25][26] Advaita Vedānta is one of the most studied and most influential schools of classical Indian thought.[27][28][29] Many scholars describe it as a form of monism,[30][31][32] while others describe the Advaita philosophy as non-dualistic.[33][34] Advaita is considered to be a philosophy or spiritual pathway rather than a religion, as it does not require those who follow it to be of a particular faith or sect.[35][36][37]
Advaita influenced and was influenced by various traditions and texts of Hindu philosophies such as Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, other sub-schools of Vedānta, Vaishnavism, Shaivism, the Puranas, the Agamas, as well as social movements such as the Bhakti movement.[38][39][40] Beyond Hinduism, Advaita Vedānta interacted and developed with the other traditions of India such as Jainism and Buddhism.[41] Advaita Vedānta texts espouse a spectrum of views from idealism, including illusionism, to realist or nearly realist positions expressed in the early works of Shankara.[42] In modern times, its views appear in various Neo-Vedānta movements.[43] It has been termed as the paradigmatic example of Hindu spirituality.[44][45]
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