COMPREHENSION PASSAGE -3
Read the following passage:
Tools of Persuasion
Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with your point of view. According to the ancient Greek
philosopher Aristotle, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos is a speaker's way of
convincing the audience that she is a credible source. An audience will consider a speaker credible if she seems
trustworthy, reliable, and sincere. This can be done in many ways. For example, a speaker can develop ethos by
explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you would be more likely to listen to
advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a firefighter. A speaker can also create ethos by
convincing the audience that she is a good person who has their best Interests at heart. If an audience cannot trust
you, you will not be able to persuade them. Pathos is a speaker's way of connectint with an audience's emotions. For
example, a speaker who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the
country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote
for him. Similarly, a charity organization that helps animals might show audience pctures of injured dogs and cats.
These images are intended to fill the viewers with plty. If the audience feels bad fo the animals, they will be more
likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, Information, statistics, or other evidence to make your argument
more convincing. An audience will be more likely to believe you If you have data to back up your claims. For example,
a commercial for soap might tell you that laboratory tests have shown that their scap kills all 7,000,000 of the
bacteria living on your hands right now. This piece of Information might make you inore likely to buy their brand of
soap. Presenting this evidence is much more convincing than simply saying "our son is the best!" Use of logos can
also increase a speaker's ethos; the more facts a speaker includes in his argument, the more likely you are to think
that he is educated and trustworthy.
Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C)
or (D) in your answer booklet.
11) Proving oneself that he/she is trustworthy is _
A) ethos
B) pathos
D) a charity organisation
C) logos
12) The purpose of the above text is_
B) to make the reader aware of pathos
A) to make the reader aware of ethos
D) how to convince others
C) to make the reader aware of logos
Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each
13) What is persuasion? According to Aristotle, how many basic tools of persuasior are there? What are they?
14) A tool of persuasion causes the increase in another tool. What is it? How does it cause the increase?
15) How is data useful to a speaker? Name the tool which is based on data.
16) If you were a speaker, which kind of tool would you use to persuade others? Justify your answer.
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Answers
Ethos is the persuasive tool that helps the speaker to prove his trustworthiness to his/her audience.
Explanation:
11. (A) Ethos is the tool that helps the speaker to prove his/her trustworthiness.
12. (D). The purpose of the given text was to inform audience how to convince others using persuasive tools detailed by Aristotle.
13. Persusion is an act of convincing others to believe into something the speaker believes in. According to Aristotle, there are three persuasive tools. They are ethos, logos, and pathos.
14. Persuasive tool of logos causes the increase in another tool of ethos. When a speaker presents the facts to his/her audience it leads to the credibility of the speaker as well.
15. The tool that is based on data, statistics is logos.
16. The tool that I might use the tool of logos to persuade others. As this tool will help to win the audience's trust and build my credibility in the eyes of the audience.
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Answer:
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