Computer definition and characteristics and generation
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1 Basic Concepts of Computer2 Computer Software3 Computer Languages3.1 Number System4 Operating System5 Computer Security
Basic Concepts of Computer
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Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the data, as per given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately.
Data : Data is a raw material of information.Information : Proper collection of the data is called information.
Characteristics of Computer
SPEED : In general, no human being can compete to solving the complex computation, faster than computer.ACCURACY : Since Computer is programmed, so what ever input we give it gives result with accuratly.STORAGE : Computer can store mass storage of data with appropriate formate.DILIGENCE : Computer can work for hours without any break and creating error.VERSATILITY : We can use computer to perform completely different type of work at the same time.POWER OF REMEMBERING : It can remember data for us.NO IQ : Computer does not work without instruction.NO FEELING : Computer does not have emotions, knowledge, experience, feeling.
Computer and its components
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Computer : Computer itself a combination of different type of separate electronic device. i.e. Computer only will be computer if it has INPUT DEVICE, PROCESS UNIT, and OUTPUT DEVICE.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) : It is heart and mind of the computer without this unit computer unable to process.Keyboard : This is an input device which is used to input the data into the computer.Mouse : This is also an input device which is used to input the data into the computer.Monitor : This is an output device which is used to show the result of the instructions.
There are variety of monitor available in the market such as, CRT Monitor, LCD Monitor, Touch Screen Monitor, TFT Monitor etc.
Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) : This is and electronic device which is used to manage the power supply of computer.Hard Disk (HDD) : This is used to store the data in massive amount. There are so many type of HDD available in the market, i.e. SATA, PATA, External HDD, Internal HDD.Printer : This is an out put device which is used to show the result on the paper. There are plenty of printer available in the market like inkjet, Laser printer, dot matrix printer etc.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) : This is used to connect the external device to the computer.
Ethernet Cable : This is used to connect computer with other computer.CD/DVD ROM : This is used to store the data.Speaker : This is an output device which is used to listen voice, songs, etc.Mike : This is an Input device which is used to record the sound .Laptop : This is complete computer which can be carried anywhere any time.Netbook : This is called mini laptop which is generally lighter and smaller than laptop.Random Access Memory (RAM) : This is called primary memory. This is also called main memory of the computer. Whatever data is written in this memory, is lost after switching off the system.Read Only Memory (ROM) : This is called primary memory. Data is written in this memory by the vendor of the computer permanently.Pen Drive : This is very popular device now a days for carrying data on move.Blue Ray Disk : This is same as CD/DVD but only different is it can store multi time of data from CD/DVD and faster than CD/DVD.Scanner : This is an input device which is used to scan the document for the soft copy.LCD : It is known as Liqued Crystal Display. It is an output device as monitor.Motherboard : It is a combination of electronic circuits.Sound Card : This is also a combination of electronic circuits which helps to give out put in the form of sound.Graphics Card : This is also a combination of electronic circuits which helps to give output the data into the monitor.
Computer
Computers is an electronic device which is used for completing our work. It is being used by humans from so many years. And, Lots of changed had done in the computers in last 10 years. Because of computers, Life of Humans had changed totally.
Characteristics of computers:-
- Computes make our work more easier. Because of which, we can do our hard work in less time and the complex calculations can be done rapidly with the help of computers
- Computers are very easy to use. They are not so complicated to use, because of which computers become very important.
- Storage: We can save our data and files in our computer. And, we can use that files when we have its need. Because of this file storage, Today we are able to see Videos, Photos and Music on our Mobile and computer.
- Information: We can get the information of any kind of matter, Object, State and city with the help of computers. If computer is provided with the internet, then the computer can be used for various purposes.
- If computer has internet connection, then, we can do online shopping, Payments, Booking, Near shops and many other things.
Components of Computer:
There are 5 basis components of computer, which helps computer system to run properly without any interruption. A computer system is designed in such a way that, every byte of information inputted should be processed properly, Such that user should get the required output. A computer system data transferring is very fast and efficient, so it takes a time less than a second to process and show the output.
i) Input Unit
- Input units reads the data provided from external environment.
- This data in the form of binary code is sent to the computer unit.
- Computer unit processes the information and provides the necessary output to the user.
ii) Output unit
- It accepts the information provided by computer system in binary codes.
- But, we humans can't understand that language, So, Output unit converts the information from binary language to Humans language.
- Output unit includes Monitor, Sound system etc.
iii) Storage unit
- Storing the data and information in memory provided to output unit as a history.
- Processing the files required to output unit while using programs, applications and games from storage devices.
iv) Central processing unit (CPU)
- Arithmetic logical unit and Logical unit are the important components of this system.
- Architecture of computer is designed in this CPU, such that, only supported devices can perform the operations. Like CPU designed by IBM cannot be used to run Mac OS.
v) Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU)
- ALU is an important component of CPU
- ALU receives the data for processing from the temporary storage from the files called as "registers".
- All processing and computations are done by the ALU.
Uses of computers:
- Computers can be used for storing data and using it while it is required.
- Mathematical calculations can be done using computers.
- Computers can be also used for communicating through internet.
- Any kind of information can be achieved from the computers
- We can share our views with people using internet from computers.
- At higher level, Computers are used for weather predictions, medical science, space research, AI development and many more other things.
Types of computer:
i) Micro computer
ii) Macro computer
iii) Mini computer
iv) Mainframe computer
v) Supercomputer