Question

conclusion of landslide in jammu and kashmir​

Answer 1

Explanation:

study is an attempt to carry landslide susceptibility assessment along national highway 1D a lifeline to the Ladakh region using Frequency Ratio Method in GIS environment. The landslide influencing factors which have been investigated to form the frequency ratio matrix are a slope, lithology, rainfall, landuse, distance to road, distance to fault, distance to river, altitude, soil, and slope aspect. The study identified and mapped active landslides along national highway 1D through rigorous multiple field surveys and secondary sources. The landslides did not show any drastic variation in size while the smallest landslide that was identified near Hardas, while the largest one at Zojila Pass. In this study, very high landslide susceptible zone covers thirty-one percent of the study area, while high, moderate, low, and very low landslide susceptible zones cover eleven, eight, eighteen, and thirty-two percent of the study area, respectively. The results show that the major area falls under very high and high landslide susceptibility zones constituting forty-two percent of the study area. The villages which fall under these zones are Sonamarg, Gumri, Pandras, and, Matayan and thus are highly prone to landslide activity and there is a frequent incidence of traffic disruptions along the road. There certainly arises a need to take concrete measures to minimize human and economic losses along the highly susceptible areas.

Answer 2

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Explanation:

Finally, after five days gridlock, the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway (NH-1A) has been opened to traffic, on Feb 17, 2018, but only for one side. The all weather road was closed since February 12, 2018 following landslides at multiple locations along Bichleri (Bichiari) stream (a tributary of Chenab River) between Banihal and Ramban area. The highway was briefly re-opened for traffic on February 14 only to be closed again on February 15, due to recurring landslides.

We have narrated below some details of the landslides along Jammu Srinagar Highway in Feb 2018 as well as earlier since 2011.

The 270 km long arterial National Highway (NH-1A[i]) connects Kashmir valley to the rest of India. In 2010, NH 1A was renumbered as NH 44[ii]. The Jawahar Tunnel[iii] linking Jammu with the Kashmir across Pir Panjal Range is on this route. In past, several new tunnels were planned along the road. Among them, Chenani-Nashri Tunnel and new Banihal double road tunnel are reported to be commissioned.

Stretches of the highway ran through very precarious terrain[iv]. Hence, the blockage of NH has become a recurring phenomenon for past many years. In February 2018, there were reports of devastating landslides triggered after rainfall and snowfall.

The landslides were mainly at Panthyal, Ramsoo, Anokhifal, Nashri, Maroog, Battery Cheshma, Kheri along the Bichleri stream in Ramban district and Udhampur district. Bichleri joins Chenab downstream Ramban. Below is information from various news reports, throwing some light on magnitude of landslides, resultant impacts and possible reasons.