Question

Consider the following Python program:
N = int(input ( "Enter N:" ))
i = 1
sum = 0
for i in range (1, N) :
if i % 2 == 0 :
sum = sum + i
i = i + 1
print (sum)
(a) What is the output when the input value is 5 ?
(b) What is the output when the input value is 0 ?​

Answer 1

(a) When the input value is 5, the output of the program is 2. This is because the program sums up all even numbers from 1 to 4 (inclusive), which are 2 and 4, and ignores all odd numbers.

(b) When the input value is 0, the program does not execute the for loop because the range (1, N) will be an empty sequence. Therefore, the output will be 0, which is the initial value of the "sum" variable before the loop starts.

Python program in more detail.

• The program takes an input from the user using the "input" function, which prompts the user to enter a value for N. This value is then stored in the variable "N" as an integer after being converted from a string using the "int" function.

• The program then initializes two variables: "i" and "sum". The variable "i" is set to 1, and the variable "sum" is set to 0.

• The program then enters a for loop that will iterate from 1 up to (but not including) the value of "N". During each iteration, the program first checks if the current value of "i" is even, by using the modulo operator (%), which returns the remainder of a division operation.
• If the remainder is 0, that means the number is even, so the program adds the value of "i" to the "sum" variable. If the remainder is not 0, then the number is odd, and the program moves on to the next iteration of the loop without modifying the "sum" variable.
• Finally, after the loop has finished executing, the program prints out the value of the "sum" variable, which should contain the sum of all even numbers between 1 and N-1 (inclusive), as the range function used in the loop has an upper limit of N exclusive.
• In case of input value being 5, the program iterates through the loop with the values of i as 1, 2, 3, and 4. The only even numbers in this range are 2 and 4, so the program adds these numbers to the "sum" variable. Therefore, the output is 2 + 4 = 6.
• In case of input value being 0, the range function in the loop will not include any numbers, so the loop will not execute at all. As a result, the value of "sum" will remain 0, and the program will print out this value as the output.

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