Construction and working of electric motor explain in simple language
Answers
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Parts of a Electric Motor/Construction
Insulated Copper wire: A rectangular coil of wire ABCD
Magnet Poles: A magnet as placed above ie North Pole and South Pole. This creates a magnetic field as shown above.
Split Rings: Two disjoint C-shaped rings P and Q. It acts as a commutator (which can reverse the direction of current)
Axle: The split rings are placed on the axle which can rotate freely.
Brushes: The outside of the split rings are connected to conducting brushes X and Y.
Source Battery: To source current.
Working
1. When the current begins to flow, current flows through brush X, then A to B, B to C, C to D and then to brush Y and into the battery.
2. Now applying Fleming's Left Hand Rule to wire AB, Current is along AB, Magnetic Field is as shown (North-> South), the motion of the wire is downwards.
3. Now applying Fleming's Left Hand Rule to wire CD, Current is along CD, Magnetic Field is as shown (North-> South), the motion of the wire is upwards.
4. The rectangular coil begins to move in the anti-clockwise direction
5. Note that during anti-clockwise motion, the split rings and axle also move, whereas the brushes don't move.
6. After half a rotation, Wire CD and Split ring Q moves to the left. Wire AB and Split ring P moves to right. Brushes X and Y donot move.
7. Now applying Fleming's Left Hand Rule to wire CD, Current is along DC. (Battery -> Split ring Q -> DC , Magnetic Field is as shown (North-> South), the motion of the wire is downwards.
8. Now applying Fleming's Left Hand Rule to wire AB, Current is along BA. (Battery -> Split ring Q -> DC --> CB -> BA --> Split ring P) , Magnetic Field is as shown (North-> South), the motion of the wire is upwards.
9. So, again the coil rotates in the anti-clockwise direction.
10. The reversal of current in the coil results in the continous rotation of the coil. The reversal of current is achieved by the commutator rings