Question

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Briefly describe the construction and working of following power plants:-

=> Thermal power plant.
=> Hydroelectric power plant.
=> Nuclear power plant.


✔✔No spamming ✅✅.

Answer 1

Hey Guys!

Here's ur answer dear!
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⚫THERMAL POWER PLANT⚫
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⏩ Thermal power station also called 'Steam power plant' as it uses steam engine to generate the electricity.

⏩ Some basic components are included in thermal power station:
◾ Boiler
◾Steam
◾turbine
◾Generator
◾Condenser
◾Cooling towers
◾Circulating water pump
◾Boiler feed pump
◾Forced or induced draught fans
◾Ash precipitators

⏩The functions of these components are:-

➡ A boiler is a closed vessel in which the water or fluid is heated.

➡A steam turbine is a device which extracts thermal energy from the pressurized steam.

➡A generator is a device which is used to convert the mechanical form of energy into the electrical energy.

➡ A condenser is a device used to converts the gaseous substance into the liquid state substance with the help of cooling.

Now let's see working principle..

✒A typical power plant has these things in common, a boiler (to generate steam), a turbine( for expansion and power generation), a condenser (to condense the steam expanded in the turbine) and lastly the pump. Apart from these there are other components like the cooling tower, Air pre-heater , FD fan, ID fan, CHP (Coal Handling Plant), de-super heater etc. Keeping these aside, just lets go into the basics of operation…

✒From the boiler let us start. Water is heated in the boiler by using some kind of fuel. From the boiler the steam is extracted and made to pass onto the blades of the Turbine which makes the turbine to rotate at a very high RPM. Now , the turbine is coupled to a generator to build up voltage. As soon as the turbine rotates , the generator builds up voltage and hence generates electric power. After all the steam is expanded in the turbine blades, it is fed into the condenser where it is cooled to saturated liquid and then pumped to the boiler again and the process continues. Thus heat energy or thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy which in turn is used to generate power.

⚫HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT⚫

⏩ A power plant which utilizes the potential energy of water for the generation of electrical energy is known as a hydroelectric power plant.

⏩Hydroelectric power plants are generally located in hilly areas where dams can be built easily and large water reservoirs can be made. In a hydroelectric power plant, water head is created by building a dam across a river or lake. From the dam, water is fed to a water turbine.


⏩The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. In simple words, falling water spins the water turbine. The turbine drives the alternator coupled with it and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

⚫NUCLEAR POWER PLANT⚫

⏩Nowadays, the main use given to nuclear energy is the generation of electric power. Nuclear power plants are responsible of doing this process. Almost all nuclear power plants in production are using nuclear fission since the nuclear fusion, despite being under development, is currently unfeasible.

⏩ The operation of a nuclear power plant is identical to the operation of a thermoelectric power plant operating with coal, oil or gas, except in the way of providing heat to the water for converting this one into steam. In nuclear reactors this process of producing heat is made by the fission reactions of the fuel atoms. 

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Hope it helps!

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Answer 2

Hey Friends!!

Here is your answer↓⬇


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$\huge \boxed{Thermal \: power \: plant}$

↪➡ A power plant in which the heat required to make a steam to drive turbines ( to make electricity ) is obtained by burning fuels ( coil, oil and gas ) is called Thermal power plant.

$\bf \underline{=> Construction \: and \: working}$

↪➡ Coal ( fuel oil and natural gas ) is burned in a furnace F to produce heat ( see attachment ). This heat boils the water in a boiler B to form steam. The steam formed from the boiling water build up a pressure. The hot steam at high pressure is introduced in a turbine Chambers C having a steam turbine T.
The steam passes over the Blades of the turbine as a high pressure Jet making the turbine rotate. The shaft S of turbine is connected to a generator G. When the turbine rotates, its shaft also rotates and drive the generator. The generator produces electricity. The spent steam coming out of turbine chamber is cooled. On cooling, steam condenses to form water. This water is again sent to the boiler to form fresh steam. This process is repeated again and again.



▶⏩
$\huge \boxed{Hydroelectric \: power \: plant.}$

↪➡ A power plant that produces electricity by using flowing water to rotate a turbine ( which drives the generator ) is called Hydroelectric power plant.


$\bf \underline{=> Construction \: and \: working.}$


↪➡ Rain falling on the high ground in hilly areas flows down as rivers. In order to produce electricity, high-rise dam is built to stop the flowing water ( see attachment 2 ). Due to this a large lake or reservoir R builds up behind the dam. As more and more water collects in the reservoir, the level of water behind the dam rises to a large height. In this way the kinetic energy of the following water is converted into the potential energy of water storage behind the dam. Thus, the water stored behind a tall dam has a lot of potential energy ( due to its great height). The sliding gates at half the height of dam are opened to allow some of the water stored water to escape. This water is taken through pipe P into the turbine be installed at the bottom of the dam. Since the water falls down through a large height from the dam, it flows very fast ( its potential energy is changed into kinetic energy ). A high pressure jet of fast flowing water pushes on the Blades of turbine with a great force and makes the turbine rotate rapidly. The turbine is connected to generator through its shaft S. when the turbine rotate shaft also rotates and drive the generator. The generator produces electricity.


▶⏩
$\huge \boxed{Nuclear \: power \: plant.}$

↪➡ A power plant in which the heat required to make steam and turns turbines ( to drive generator for making Electricity ) is obtained by nuclear reactions, is called a Nuclear power plant.
The nuclear power plants uses uranium-235 as fuel to produce heat.

$\bf \underline{=> Construction \: and \: working.}$

↪➡ In a nuclear power plant, the fission of nuclear fuel uranium-235 is carried out in a steel Pressure Vessel V of reactor R (reactor is a kind of nuclear furnace ) (see attachment 3). The enriched uranium-235 rods marked A (called fuel elements ) are inserted in a core made of graphite blocks inside the reactor. Graphite is called a moderator. It slows down the speed of neutrons to make them fit for causing fission. In-between the uranium roads are inserted boron rods B. Boron rods are called control rods because they absorb neutrons and prevent the fission reaction from going out of control. The reactor is enclosed to a concrete chamber M having thick walls to observe the nuclear reaction ( so as to protect the outside world from the dangerous nuclear radiation ). Liquid sodium ( or carbon dioxide gas ) is used as a coolant to transfer the heat produced in a reactor by fission of heat exchanger ( or boiler ) for converting water into steam. The controlled fission of Uranium-235 in the nuclear reactor produces a lot of energy. Liquid sodium is pumped continuously through the pipe embedded in reactor by using a pump P. Sodium absorbs the heat produced in the reactor. This extremely hot sodium is then passed into the coil of heat exchanger H containing water. Water absorbs heat from hot Sodium and passed into the coil to form in steam. The hot steam at high pressure is introduced into a turbine Chamber C having a turbine T. The pressure of steam makes the turbine rotates. The shaft S of turbine is connected to a generator. When the turbine rotates, its shaft also rotates and drives the generator. The generator produces electricity.



$\huge \boxed{THANKS}$



$\huge \bf \underline{Hope \: it \: is \: helpful \: for \: you}$