could you describe whole Delhi sultanat in detail
Answers
1.)It was a sultanate established and based mostly in Delhi, but it spread to a large area in the Indian subcontinent and reached its peak during the Tughlaq dynasty.
2.)The first sultan was Qutb al-Din Aibak who was a slave of Muhammad Ghori and he belonged to the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty, which was also the first dynasty that ruled the sultanate.
3.)The sultanate included the Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and the Lodi dynasties which ruled in different periods of time - the last was the Lodi dynasty of Afghan origin, which was defeated by Babur who was the founder and the first ruler of the Mughal Empire.
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The Delhi Sultanate refers to the five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin that ruled the territory of Delhi between 1206 and 1526 CE.
The early rulers of the Delhi Sultanate are often viewed as iconoclastic pillagers, best known for their indiscriminate destruction of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples and enacting prohibitions of anthropomorphic representations in art.
The Delhi Sultanate’s greatest contribution to Indian fine arts , however, was the introduction of Islamic architectural features, including true domes and arches , and the integration of Indian and Islamic styles of architecture.
Built by the first sultan of Delhi, the Qutb Minar is the tallest minaret in India, the walls of which are covered with Indian floral motifs and verses from the Quran.
The Alai Darwaza is the main gateway on the southern side of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in the Qutb complex; built in 1311 CE, it features the earliest surviving true dome in India.
There is little architecture remaining from the Sayyid and Lodi periods, but a few fine examples survive in the Lodi Gardens in Delhi, including the tomb of Mohammad Shah, the last sultan of the Sayyid Dynasty , built in 1444.
Key Terms
corbel: A structural member jutting out of a wall to carry a superincumbent weight.
iconoclastic: Characterized by attack on established beliefs or institutions.
anthropomorphic: Having the form or attributes of a human.
The Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate refers to the five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin that ruled the territory of Delhi between 1206 and 1526 CE. In the 16th century, the last of their line was overthrown by the Mughals, who established the the Mughal Empire in India.
The five dynasties included:
the Mamluk Dynasty (1206–1290)
the Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320)
the Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1414)
the Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451)
the Afghan Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526)
Architecture under the Delhi Sultanate
The early rulers of the Delhi Sultanate are often viewed as iconoclastic pillagers, best known for their indiscriminate destruction of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples. They enacted Islamic prohibitions of anthropomorphic representations in art, which had been common at the time. However, the fusion of indigenous and Muslim customs and styles under the Delhi Sultanate gave rise to the beginnings of Indo-Islamic art and architecture, which reached its zenith in later years under the Mughal emperors. The Sultanate’s greatest contribution to the fine arts of India lies in their advances in architecture.
The Qutb Minar
Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the governor of Delhi and, subsequently, the first sultan of the Delhi Sultanate (ruling from 1206–1210 CE), started the construction of the Qutb Minar in 1192, which was completed after his death by his successor Iltutmish. Made of fluted red sandstone and marble, the Qutb Minar is the tallest minaret in India, standing at a height of 238 feet. It comprises several superposed flanged and cylindrical shafts , separated by balconies supported by Muqarnas corbels (an architectural ornamentation reminiscent of stalactites employed in traditional Islamic and Persian architecture). The walls of the minaret are covered with Indian floral motifs and verses from the Quran.