Covid 19- biodiversity conservation- our solution are in nature 250 worlds essag
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Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the multitude of living things that make up life on Earth. It encompasses the 8 million or so species on the planet—from plants and animals to fungi and bacteria—and the ecosystems that house them such as oceans, forests, mountain environments and coral reefs.
But, nature is in crisis. We are losing species at a rate 1,000 times greater than at any other time in recorded human history and one million species face extinction.
Every year, the United Nations marks 22 May as the International Day for Biological Diversity, to increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues. This year, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the occasion will be commemorated through its first ever online-only campaign. The theme for the event is ‘Our solutions are in nature’.
Nature-based solutions offer ways to promote human well-being, tackle climate change and protect our living planet.
“The theme shows that people are part of nature rather than separate from nature,” says Elizabeth Mrema, Acting Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
“Healthy ecosystems can protect against the spread of disease: Where native biodiversity is high, the infection rate for some zoonotic diseases can be lowered,” says United Nations Environment programme (UNEP) biodiversity expert Doreen Robinson.
On average, one new infectious disease emerges in humans every four months with 75 per cent of these infections come from animals. These zoonotic diseases can spill over to humans when we destroy animal habitats or trade illegally in wildlife, as our exposure to pathogens increases.
Nature is also an essential source of many drugs used in modern medicine. Plants, animals and microbes enable medical researchers to understand human physiology and treat diseases. Four billion people rely primarily on natural medicines, and about 70 percent of cancer drugs are either natural products or synthetic ones inspired by nature. In the United States, at least 118 of the top 150 prescription drugs are based on natural sources.
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