crystallization of urea
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Crystallization of urea from an evaporative aqueous solution sessile droplet at sub-boiling temperatures and surfaces with different wettability.
The urea extraction crystallization is a process for separating linear paraffins (n-paraffins, n-alkanes) from hydrocarbon mixtures through the formation of urea-n-paraffin-clathrates. The process is primarily used to lower the pour point of petroleum products, by-products of the process are n-paraffins in high purity.
According to the invention, the crystallization of urea from the biuret-containing urea solution is effected in a continuous cyclic process at a temperature of C. or more and a pressure below 160 mm. Hg with continuous introduction of a biuret-containing urea solution,
- separation of the urea crystals from a mother liquor with recovery of a mother liquor with a biuret content of at least 15 but at most 25% by weight, and recirculation of the mother liquor to the crystallizer after an amount of biruet substantially equal to the amount introduced by the fresh urea solution to be crystallized has been removed from part of this mother liquor by diluting and cooling.
Example From a urea crystallizer, working in vacuo, in which the temperature of the crystallizing solution is kept at 110 C. and a pressure of 80 mm. Hg is maintained, an approximately 25% by weight suspension of urea crystals in mother liquor consisting of kg. of urea crystals and 313.5 kg. of solution containing 243 kg. of urea 59.5 kg. of biuret 11 kg. of water is discharged per cycle.
The solution is centrifuged; 8.8 kg. of the mother liquor obtained were separated off. The remaining 304.7 kg., together with the fresh supply of urea solution to be crystallized, which weighs kg. (100 kg. of urea, 0.9 kg. of biuret, 8.8 kg. of water) and is used as washing liquid, were fed back to the urea crystallizer.
The 100 kg. of centrifuged crystals together with 6.7 kg. of adhering, very concentrated urea solution were cooled yielding 106 kg. of urea with a biuret content of 0.05%.
The 8.8 kg. of mother liquor separated ofi were diluted with 5.8 kg. of water and cooled to 25 C.; from this mother liquor 0.9 kg. of biuret With 0.13 kg. of water (5 biuret-4H O) crystallized out.
An additional amount of 3.2 kg. of water was evaporated from the remaining solution in a separate evaporator at C. and atmospheric pressure, and the solution concentrated in this way consisting of 6.8 kg. of urea, 0.8 kg. of biuret, and 2.8 kg. of water, was also returned to the urea crystallizer. 11.4 kg. of water were removed from the urea crystallizer per cycle.
In this way therefore, 0.9 kg. of biuret are removed from a biuret-containing mother liquor with a biuret content of 19 percent by weight after previously diluting the solution with 5.8 kg. of water, i.e., with 6.4 kg. of water per kg. of biuret.
If the urea crystallization should be effected at much lower temperatures, for instance at 60 C. and at a pressure of 70 mm. Hg, it would also be possible to discharge an approximately 25% by weight crystal suspension, which after separation, would yield a mother liquor containing 10% by weight of biuret.
To remove 0.9 kg. of biuret from this mother liquor, the latter would have to be diluted with 11.9 kg. of water, i.e., with 13 kg. of water per kg. of biuret, i.e., with twice the amount needed in the process according to the invention.
As this diluting water hasto be evaporated eventually,
3 a decrease of the amount of diluting water to be added considerably lowers the process costs. What is claimed is: A cyclic process for the crystallization in vacuo of urea from a biuret-containingl urea solution comprising 5 continuously introducing the biuret-containing urea solution into a crystallizer, crystallizing urea from said solution in said crystallizer at a temperature of at least 90 C. and a pressure below 160 mm, continuously withdrawing from the crystallizer a suspension of urea crystals in a mother liquor containing at least 15 and at most 25 percent by weight of biuret, separating and removing .from the withdrawn liquid an amount of biuret substantially equal to the amount introduced by the fresh biuret-containing urea solution to be crystallized and recirculating the mother liquor to the urea crystallizer.
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