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Genetic engineering / rDNA technology
It is a technology in which one or more genes are modified deliberately in the lab. This is achieved by the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, thereby altering the genetic makeup of an organism.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture involves nurturing fragments of plant or animal tissue in a controlled environment where they survive and continue to grow. For this tissue has to be isolated first.
Embryo rescue
It is a form of in-vitro culture technique for plants. Here an immature embryo is nurtured in a controlled environment to ensure its survival. This can help in the preservation of species of seeds that are nearing extinction. This can include heritage seeds, local grains of cultural significance, etc.
Somatic hybridisation
It is a process through which the cellular genome is manipulated through the process of protoplast fusion.
Molecular-gene markers
In genetic engineering, Molecular-gene markers are specific segments of DNA that are associated with a particular location within the genome.
Molecular diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics is a set of techniques used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome. It helps in determining how their cells express their genes as proteins
Vaccine
It is a formulation that is injected into a host body to stimulate a desired immune response. It helps in preventing various diseases such as polio. Its production is carried out widely currently to fight against covid.
Micropropagation
It is a clonal propagation of plants in a closed vessel under aseptic and controlled conditions.
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