Define about expansion of British rule in india and beyond.
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Expansion of British rule in India and beyond
Afghanistan and Sind In the 1830s. fearing a Russian attack on India through Afghanistan, the British started interfering in Afghanistan's internal affairs. This resulted in expensive Anglo-Afghan wars between 1838 and 1842. The Afghans put up a very strong resistance, and the British failed to establish direct control over Afghanistan. Having failed to take Afghanistan, the British annexed Sind in 1843. They also targeted Punjab.
Punjab After Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the British began to interfere in the affairs of Punjab. This led to two Anglo-Sikh wars (1845-1849). The Sikhs were defeated. and the British under Lord Dalhousie (governor-general from 1848 to 1856) annexed Punjab in 1849.
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Expansion of British Rule under Lord Wellesley ( 1798 –1805):
The next large-scale expansion of British rule in India occurred during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Wellesley who came to India in 1798 at a time when the British were locked in a life-and- death struggle with France all over the world.
India in 1805
Till then, the British had followed the policy of consolidating their gains and resources in India and making territorial gains only when this could be done safely without antagonizing the major Indian powers. Lord Wellesley decided that the time was ripe for bringing as many Indian states as possible under British control. By 1797 the two strongest Indian powers, Mysore and the Marathas, had declined in power.