Question

Define :

Absolute Error.
Random error.
Gross error.
Relative error.​

Answer 1

$\huge \boxed{ \underline{ \underline{ \bf{Answer}}}}$

ABSOLUTE ERROR :

It is the difference between true value and the measured value of an observation.

$\Delta \: a = {a}_{true} - {a}_{measured}$

RANDOM ERROR :

These errors occur irregularly and at random in magnitude and direction.

GROSS ERROR :

These are the errors which occur due to carelessness of the observer. i.e recording the observation wrongly.

RELATIVE ERROR :

It is the ratio of Absolute error to the original observation or true value of the observation. It can also be expressed as percentage error.

$\boxed{ \sf{ Relative \: error = \frac{Error}{Original \: value}}}$

Answer 2

Answer :

Absolute Error

It is  is defined as the magnitude of difference between the actual and the individual values of any quantity in question.

                                                                                                                       

Random error

They are the are statistical fluctuations (in either direction) in the measured data due to the precision limitations of the measurement device.

                                                                                                                         

Gross error

They are are caused by experimenter carelessness or equipment failure. These "outliers" are so far above or below the true value that they are usually discarded when assessing data.

                                                                                                                         

Relative error

The relative error is the ratio of the mean absolute error to the mean value of the quantity measured.  It is also known as fractional error.