Define chemiosmotic hypothesis with the help of a diagram.
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Answer:
Chemiosmotic Hypothesis :
Chemiosmotic hypothesis explain the mechanism of ATP synthesis in chloroplast.
In photosynthesis, ATP synthesis is linked to development of a proton gradient across a membrane.
The protons that are produced by the splitting of water are accumulated inside of membrane of thylakoids (in lumen).
As the electron moves through the photosystem, protons are transported across the membrane.
NADP reductase enzyme is located on the stroma side of the membrane, along with electrons from the acceptor it removes H+ from the stroma during reduction of NADPH + H+.
This creates proton gradients across the thylakoid membrane as well as a measurable decrease in pH in the lumen.
ATPase has a channel that allows diffusion of protons back to stroma across the membrane.
This releases energy to activate ATPase enzyme that catalyses the formation of ATP.
Biosynthetic phase in C3 plants :
ATP and NADH, the products of light reaction are used in synthesis of food. The first CO2 fixation product in C3 plant is 3-phosphoglyceric acid or PGA.
In some other plants the first stable product is an organic acid called oxaloacetic acid a 4-C compound hence is called C4 plants.
