Define different types of igneous rocks on the basis of their chemical composition.
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Answer:
Igneous rocks may be simply classified according to their chemical/mineral composition as felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic, and by texture or grain size: intrusive rocks are course grained (all crystals are visible to the naked eye) while extrusive rocks may be fine-grained (microscopic crystals) or glass.....
As has already been described, igneous rocks are classified into four categories, based on either their chemistry or their mineral composition: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. The diagram in Figure 3.16 can be used to help classify igneous rocks by their mineral composition....
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Answer:
Igneous rocks are commonly classified by their composition and texture. Most are composed of the eight most abundant elements in the Earth's crust. Because of the dominance of oxygen and silicon in the crust, igneous rocks are mostly made up of silicate minerals. These silicates can be generally divided into light and dark silicates. The dark silicates are also called ferromagnesian because of the presence of iron and magnesium in them. They include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and biotite. The light-colored silicates include quartz, muscovite and feldspar. Solidification from magma produces great diversity in the mineral compositions which make up the rocks. There are general categories which are keyed to the amounts of light and dark silicates in the rocks. At the light-colored extreme are rocks made up mainly of quartz and the feldspars, with about 70% silica. Such rocks are called granitic rock. Rocks which contain large amounts of the ferromagnesian dark matter and about 50% silica are said to have basaltic composition. Some organization was brought to the continuous variation between these extremes by the Bowen reactions. This model of the process of solidification from magma pictures the processes which causes the composition of the magma and the subsequent rocks to change.
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