define family sub-systems
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Environmental Influences:
Family Systems Theory
Family Systems Theory provides a broad and comprehensive mechanism for understanding
the core aspects of the Performance Competence Lifespan Framework — quality of life, member-
ship, and a personal sense of competence. It also focuses on the most important component of
environmental influences—home and family. From birth, a child’s Quality of Life is directly influ-
enced by the kind of care, support, stimulation and education he or she receives from family mem-
bers in the home. As infants begin to develop secure attachments with significant others, particu-
larly family members, they begin to establish themselves as members of the first and most basic
unit of society—the family, which forms the foundation for secure Membership in other groups
throughout life. The infant begins to develop a Personal Sense of Competence when his mother
responds consistently to his distress, when he takes his first step or says his first word, or when his
father praises him for using the toilet. These early beginnings, then, are at the core of what each
individual child will come to know and be able to do.
As the PC Framework indicates, there are multiple environmental influences on performance
and competence, but the family is the first and most important. The influence of family members
on one another is not simple, but complex; it is not one-way, but reciprocal. The family, like a
mechanical system, is made up of multiple parts that are interdependent. When one part does not
function well, all other parts are impacted. Further, the family interacts with other systems, includ-
ing those that provide direct services to the child—child care/preschools, schools and community
agencies—and each system affects the other. Understanding how the family works as a system and
how it interacts with other systems outside itself is basic to understanding and applying the Perfor-
mance Competence Framework.
FAMILY SYSTEMS
The word “family” derives from a Latin word meaning household. The concept of family is
one with which almost every individual can identify. For some, family means their family of origin;
for others, it applies to the family they have biologically created; and for still others, it means the
individuals with whom they have developed lasting bonds of intimacy through adoption, foster
care, or other relationships. For all of these families, the social and economic foundations that
underlie family life are omnipotent. The family is the basic social unit of all cultures, and through
time families have represented the most significant institution for nurturing, caring for, and social-
izing children.
While families have consistently experienced change throughout history, most demographers
and other experts have described the social, economic, and demographic changes that have oc-
curred in families since 1970 to be so dramatic as to have revolutionized American families. Change
Family Systems Theory
Family Systems Theory provides a broad and comprehensive mechanism for understanding
the core aspects of the Performance Competence Lifespan Framework — quality of life, member-
ship, and a personal sense of competence. It also focuses on the most important component of
environmental influences—home and family. From birth, a child’s Quality of Life is directly influ-
enced by the kind of care, support, stimulation and education he or she receives from family mem-
bers in the home. As infants begin to develop secure attachments with significant others, particu-
larly family members, they begin to establish themselves as members of the first and most basic
unit of society—the family, which forms the foundation for secure Membership in other groups
throughout life. The infant begins to develop a Personal Sense of Competence when his mother
responds consistently to his distress, when he takes his first step or says his first word, or when his
father praises him for using the toilet. These early beginnings, then, are at the core of what each
individual child will come to know and be able to do.
As the PC Framework indicates, there are multiple environmental influences on performance
and competence, but the family is the first and most important. The influence of family members
on one another is not simple, but complex; it is not one-way, but reciprocal. The family, like a
mechanical system, is made up of multiple parts that are interdependent. When one part does not
function well, all other parts are impacted. Further, the family interacts with other systems, includ-
ing those that provide direct services to the child—child care/preschools, schools and community
agencies—and each system affects the other. Understanding how the family works as a system and
how it interacts with other systems outside itself is basic to understanding and applying the Perfor-
mance Competence Framework.
FAMILY SYSTEMS
The word “family” derives from a Latin word meaning household. The concept of family is
one with which almost every individual can identify. For some, family means their family of origin;
for others, it applies to the family they have biologically created; and for still others, it means the
individuals with whom they have developed lasting bonds of intimacy through adoption, foster
care, or other relationships. For all of these families, the social and economic foundations that
underlie family life are omnipotent. The family is the basic social unit of all cultures, and through
time families have represented the most significant institution for nurturing, caring for, and social-
izing children.
While families have consistently experienced change throughout history, most demographers
and other experts have described the social, economic, and demographic changes that have oc-
curred in families since 1970 to be so dramatic as to have revolutionized American families. Change
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