Chemistry, asked by HarmillonSingh, 1 year ago

define hardness of water. explain their various types and also write their causes. ( for long type question answers)

Answers

Answered by Mann02
3
Hardness of water is defined as when there more number of Magnesium (Mg2) or Calcium 2+ ions presens in water.

The hardness of water can be either temporary or permanent

Temporary hardness can be removed simply by boiling the water .

Permanent hardness cannot be removed by boiling but can often be removed by chemical treatment .

Temporary hardness is caused by

Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2.

Rainwater is naturally acidic because it contains dissolved carbon dioxide from the air. It reacts with calcium carbonate in rocks to form calcium hydrogencarbonate (which is soluble)

calcium carbonate + water + carbon dioxide → calcium hydrogencarbonate

Permanent Hardness is caused by

Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved calcium sulfate. Unlike temporary hardness, itis not removed by boiling the water.When this is the case, it is usually caused by the presence of calcium sulphate/calcium chloride and/or magnesium sulphate/magnesium chloride in the water, which do not precipitate out as the temperature increases.

Ions causing permanent hardness of water can be removed using a water softener, or ion exchange column.

Total Permanent Hardness = Calcium Hardness + Magnesium Hardness

The calcium and magnesium hardness is the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions expressed as equivalent of calcium carbonate.


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